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<?php
/**
* Tools to help with ASCII in UTF-8
* @version $Id$
* @package utf8
* @subpackage ascii
*/
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Tests whether a string contains only 7bit ASCII bytes.
* You might use this to conditionally check whether a string
* needs handling as UTF-8 or not, potentially offering performance
* benefits by using the native PHP equivalent if it's just ASCII e.g.;
*
* <code>
* if ( utf8_is_ascii($someString) ) {
* // It's just ASCII - use the native PHP version
* $someString = strtolower($someString);
* } else {
* $someString = utf8_strtolower($someString);
* }
* </code>
*
* @param string
* @return boolean TRUE if it's all ASCII
* @package utf8
* @subpackage ascii
* @see utf8_is_ascii_ctrl
*/
function utf8_is_ascii($str) {
// Search for any bytes which are outside the ASCII range...
return (preg_match('/(?:[^\x00-\x7F])/',$str) !== 1);
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Tests whether a string contains only 7bit ASCII bytes with device
* control codes omitted. The device control codes can be found on the
* second table here: http://www.w3schools.com/tags/ref_ascii.asp
*
* @param string
* @return boolean TRUE if it's all ASCII without device control codes
* @package utf8
* @subpackage ascii
* @see utf8_is_ascii
*/
function utf8_is_ascii_ctrl($str) {
if ( strlen($str) > 0 ) {
// Search for any bytes which are outside the ASCII range,
// or are device control codes
return (preg_match('/[^\x09\x0A\x0D\x20-\x7E]/',$str) !== 1);
}
return FALSE;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Strip out all non-7bit ASCII bytes
* If you need to transmit a string to system which you know can only
* support 7bit ASCII, you could use this function.
* @param string
* @return string with non ASCII bytes removed
* @package utf8
* @subpackage ascii
* @see utf8_strip_non_ascii_ctrl
*/
function utf8_strip_non_ascii($str) {
ob_start();
while ( preg_match(
'/^([\x00-\x7F]+)|([^\x00-\x7F]+)/S',
$str, $matches) ) {
if ( !isset($matches[2]) ) {
echo $matches[0];
}
$str = substr($str, strlen($matches[0]));
}
$result = ob_get_contents();
ob_end_clean();
return $result;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Strip out device control codes in the ASCII range
* which are not permitted in XML. Note that this leaves
* multi-byte characters untouched - it only removes device
* control codes
* @see http://hsivonen.iki.fi/producing-xml/#controlchar
* @param string
* @return string control codes removed
*/
function utf8_strip_ascii_ctrl($str) {
ob_start();
while ( preg_match(
'/^([^\x00-\x08\x0B\x0C\x0E-\x1F\x7F]+)|([\x00-\x08\x0B\x0C\x0E-\x1F\x7F]+)/S',
$str, $matches) ) {
if ( !isset($matches[2]) ) {
echo $matches[0];
}
$str = substr($str, strlen($matches[0]));
}
$result = ob_get_contents();
ob_end_clean();
return $result;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Strip out all non 7bit ASCII bytes and ASCII device control codes.
* For a list of ASCII device control codes see the 2nd table here:
* http://www.w3schools.com/tags/ref_ascii.asp
*
* @param string
* @return boolean TRUE if it's all ASCII
* @package utf8
* @subpackage ascii
*/
function utf8_strip_non_ascii_ctrl($str) {
ob_start();
while ( preg_match(
'/^([\x09\x0A\x0D\x20-\x7E]+)|([^\x09\x0A\x0D\x20-\x7E]+)/S',
$str, $matches) ) {
if ( !isset($matches[2]) ) {
echo $matches[0];
}
$str = substr($str, strlen($matches[0]));
}
$result = ob_get_contents();
ob_end_clean();
return $result;
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Replace accented UTF-8 characters by unaccented ASCII-7 "equivalents".
* The purpose of this function is to replace characters commonly found in Latin
* alphabets with something more or less equivalent from the ASCII range. This can
* be useful for converting a UTF-8 to something ready for a filename, for example.
* Following the use of this function, you would probably also pass the string
* through utf8_strip_non_ascii to clean out any other non-ASCII chars
* Use the optional parameter to just deaccent lower ($case = -1) or upper ($case = 1)
* letters. Default is to deaccent both cases ($case = 0)
*
* For a more complete implementation of transliteration, see the utf8_to_ascii package
* available from the phputf8 project downloads:
* http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/phputf8
*
* @param string UTF-8 string
* @param int (optional) -1 lowercase only, +1 uppercase only, 1 both cases
* @param string UTF-8 with accented characters replaced by ASCII chars
* @return string accented chars replaced with ascii equivalents
* @author Andreas Gohr <andi@splitbrain.org>
* @package utf8
* @subpackage ascii
*/
function utf8_accents_to_ascii( $str, $case=0 ){
static $UTF8_LOWER_ACCENTS = NULL;
static $UTF8_UPPER_ACCENTS = NULL;
if($case <= 0){
if ( is_null($UTF8_LOWER_ACCENTS) ) {
$UTF8_LOWER_ACCENTS = array(
'à' => 'a', 'ô' => 'o', 'ď' => 'd', 'ḟ' => 'f', 'ë' => 'e', 'š' => 's', 'ơ' => 'o',
'ß' => 'ss', 'ă' => 'a', 'ř' => 'r', 'ț' => 't', 'ň' => 'n', 'ā' => 'a', 'ķ' => 'k',
'ŝ' => 's', 'ỳ' => 'y', 'ņ' => 'n', 'ĺ' => 'l', 'ħ' => 'h', 'ṗ' => 'p', 'ó' => 'o',
'ú' => 'u', 'ě' => 'e', 'é' => 'e', 'ç' => 'c', 'ẁ' => 'w', 'ċ' => 'c', 'õ' => 'o',
'ṡ' => 's', 'ø' => 'o', 'ģ' => 'g', 'ŧ' => 't', 'ș' => 's', 'ė' => 'e', 'ĉ' => 'c',
'ś' => 's', 'î' => 'i', 'ű' => 'u', 'ć' => 'c', 'ę' => 'e', 'ŵ' => 'w', 'ṫ' => 't',
'ū' => 'u', 'č' => 'c', 'ö' => 'oe', 'è' => 'e', 'ŷ' => 'y', 'ą' => 'a', 'ł' => 'l',
'ų' => 'u', 'ů' => 'u', 'ş' => 's', 'ğ' => 'g', 'ļ' => 'l', 'ƒ' => 'f', 'ž' => 'z',
'ẃ' => 'w', 'ḃ' => 'b', 'å' => 'a', 'ì' => 'i', 'ï' => 'i', 'ḋ' => 'd', 'ť' => 't',
'ŗ' => 'r', 'ä' => 'ae', 'í' => 'i', 'ŕ' => 'r', 'ê' => 'e', 'ü' => 'ue', 'ò' => 'o',
'ē' => 'e', 'ñ' => 'n', 'ń' => 'n', 'ĥ' => 'h', 'ĝ' => 'g', 'đ' => 'd', 'ĵ' => 'j',
'ÿ' => 'y', 'ũ' => 'u', 'ŭ' => 'u', 'ư' => 'u', 'ţ' => 't', 'ý' => 'y', 'ő' => 'o',
'â' => 'a', 'ľ' => 'l', 'ẅ' => 'w', 'ż' => 'z', 'ī' => 'i', 'ã' => 'a', 'ġ' => 'g',
'ṁ' => 'm', 'ō' => 'o', 'ĩ' => 'i', 'ù' => 'u', 'į' => 'i', 'ź' => 'z', 'á' => 'a',
'û' => 'u', 'þ' => 'th', 'ð' => 'dh', 'æ' => 'ae', 'µ' => 'u', 'ĕ' => 'e',
);
}
$str = str_replace(
array_keys($UTF8_LOWER_ACCENTS),
array_values($UTF8_LOWER_ACCENTS),
$str
);
}
if($case >= 0){
if ( is_null($UTF8_UPPER_ACCENTS) ) {
$UTF8_UPPER_ACCENTS = array(
'À' => 'A', 'Ô' => 'O', 'Ď' => 'D', 'Ḟ' => 'F', 'Ë' => 'E', 'Š' => 'S', 'Ơ' => 'O',
'Ă' => 'A', 'Ř' => 'R', 'Ț' => 'T', 'Ň' => 'N', 'Ā' => 'A', 'Ķ' => 'K',
'Ŝ' => 'S', 'Ỳ' => 'Y', 'Ņ' => 'N', 'Ĺ' => 'L', 'Ħ' => 'H', 'Ṗ' => 'P', 'Ó' => 'O',
'Ú' => 'U', 'Ě' => 'E', 'É' => 'E', 'Ç' => 'C', 'Ẁ' => 'W', 'Ċ' => 'C', 'Õ' => 'O',
'Ṡ' => 'S', 'Ø' => 'O', 'Ģ' => 'G', 'Ŧ' => 'T', 'Ș' => 'S', 'Ė' => 'E', 'Ĉ' => 'C',
'Ś' => 'S', 'Î' => 'I', 'Ű' => 'U', 'Ć' => 'C', 'Ę' => 'E', 'Ŵ' => 'W', 'Ṫ' => 'T',
'Ū' => 'U', 'Č' => 'C', 'Ö' => 'Oe', 'È' => 'E', 'Ŷ' => 'Y', 'Ą' => 'A', 'Ł' => 'L',
'Ų' => 'U', 'Ů' => 'U', 'Ş' => 'S', 'Ğ' => 'G', 'Ļ' => 'L', 'Ƒ' => 'F', 'Ž' => 'Z',
'Ẃ' => 'W', 'Ḃ' => 'B', 'Å' => 'A', 'Ì' => 'I', 'Ï' => 'I', 'Ḋ' => 'D', 'Ť' => 'T',
'Ŗ' => 'R', 'Ä' => 'Ae', 'Í' => 'I', 'Ŕ' => 'R', 'Ê' => 'E', 'Ü' => 'Ue', 'Ò' => 'O',
'Ē' => 'E', 'Ñ' => 'N', 'Ń' => 'N', 'Ĥ' => 'H', 'Ĝ' => 'G', 'Đ' => 'D', 'Ĵ' => 'J',
'Ÿ' => 'Y', 'Ũ' => 'U', 'Ŭ' => 'U', 'Ư' => 'U', 'Ţ' => 'T', 'Ý' => 'Y', 'Ő' => 'O',
'Â' => 'A', 'Ľ' => 'L', 'Ẅ' => 'W', 'Ż' => 'Z', 'Ī' => 'I', 'Ã' => 'A', 'Ġ' => 'G',
'Ṁ' => 'M', 'Ō' => 'O', 'Ĩ' => 'I', 'Ù' => 'U', 'Į' => 'I', 'Ź' => 'Z', 'Á' => 'A',
'Û' => 'U', 'Þ' => 'Th', 'Ð' => 'Dh', 'Æ' => 'Ae', 'Ĕ' => 'E',
);
}
$str = str_replace(
array_keys($UTF8_UPPER_ACCENTS),
array_values($UTF8_UPPER_ACCENTS),
$str
);
}
return $str;
}

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<?php
/**
* @version $Id$
* Tools for locating / replacing bad bytes in UTF-8 strings
* The Original Code is Mozilla Communicator client code.
* The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
* Netscape Communications Corporation.
* Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
* the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
* Ported to PHP by Henri Sivonen (http://hsivonen.iki.fi)
* Slight modifications to fit with phputf8 library by Harry Fuecks (hfuecks gmail com)
* @see http://lxr.mozilla.org/seamonkey/source/intl/uconv/src/nsUTF8ToUnicode.cpp
* @see http://lxr.mozilla.org/seamonkey/source/intl/uconv/src/nsUnicodeToUTF8.cpp
* @see http://hsivonen.iki.fi/php-utf8/
* @package utf8
* @subpackage bad
* @see utf8_is_valid
*/
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Locates the first bad byte in a UTF-8 string returning it's
* byte index in the string
* PCRE Pattern to locate bad bytes in a UTF-8 string
* Comes from W3 FAQ: Multilingual Forms
* Note: modified to include full ASCII range including control chars
* @see http://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-forms-utf-8
* @param string
* @return mixed integer byte index or FALSE if no bad found
* @package utf8
* @subpackage bad
*/
function utf8_bad_find($str) {
$UTF8_BAD =
'([\x00-\x7F]'. # ASCII (including control chars)
'|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]'. # non-overlong 2-byte
'|\xE0[\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]'. # excluding overlongs
'|[\xE1-\xEC\xEE\xEF][\x80-\xBF]{2}'. # straight 3-byte
'|\xED[\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]'. # excluding surrogates
'|\xF0[\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]{2}'. # planes 1-3
'|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF]{3}'. # planes 4-15
'|\xF4[\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF]{2}'. # plane 16
'|(.{1}))'; # invalid byte
$pos = 0;
$badList = array();
while (preg_match('/'.$UTF8_BAD.'/S', $str, $matches)) {
$bytes = strlen($matches[0]);
if ( isset($matches[2])) {
return $pos;
}
$pos += $bytes;
$str = substr($str,$bytes);
}
return FALSE;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Locates all bad bytes in a UTF-8 string and returns a list of their
* byte index in the string
* PCRE Pattern to locate bad bytes in a UTF-8 string
* Comes from W3 FAQ: Multilingual Forms
* Note: modified to include full ASCII range including control chars
* @see http://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-forms-utf-8
* @param string
* @return mixed array of integers or FALSE if no bad found
* @package utf8
* @subpackage bad
*/
function utf8_bad_findall($str) {
$UTF8_BAD =
'([\x00-\x7F]'. # ASCII (including control chars)
'|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]'. # non-overlong 2-byte
'|\xE0[\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]'. # excluding overlongs
'|[\xE1-\xEC\xEE\xEF][\x80-\xBF]{2}'. # straight 3-byte
'|\xED[\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]'. # excluding surrogates
'|\xF0[\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]{2}'. # planes 1-3
'|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF]{3}'. # planes 4-15
'|\xF4[\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF]{2}'. # plane 16
'|(.{1}))'; # invalid byte
$pos = 0;
$badList = array();
while (preg_match('/'.$UTF8_BAD.'/S', $str, $matches)) {
$bytes = strlen($matches[0]);
if ( isset($matches[2])) {
$badList[] = $pos;
}
$pos += $bytes;
$str = substr($str,$bytes);
}
if ( count($badList) > 0 ) {
return $badList;
}
return FALSE;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Strips out any bad bytes from a UTF-8 string and returns the rest
* PCRE Pattern to locate bad bytes in a UTF-8 string
* Comes from W3 FAQ: Multilingual Forms
* Note: modified to include full ASCII range including control chars
* @see http://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-forms-utf-8
* @param string
* @return string
* @package utf8
* @subpackage bad
*/
function utf8_bad_strip($str) {
$UTF8_BAD =
'([\x00-\x7F]'. # ASCII (including control chars)
'|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]'. # non-overlong 2-byte
'|\xE0[\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]'. # excluding overlongs
'|[\xE1-\xEC\xEE\xEF][\x80-\xBF]{2}'. # straight 3-byte
'|\xED[\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]'. # excluding surrogates
'|\xF0[\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]{2}'. # planes 1-3
'|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF]{3}'. # planes 4-15
'|\xF4[\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF]{2}'. # plane 16
'|(.{1}))'; # invalid byte
ob_start();
while (preg_match('/'.$UTF8_BAD.'/S', $str, $matches)) {
if ( !isset($matches[2])) {
echo $matches[0];
}
$str = substr($str,strlen($matches[0]));
}
$result = ob_get_contents();
ob_end_clean();
return $result;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Replace bad bytes with an alternative character - ASCII character
* recommended is replacement char
* PCRE Pattern to locate bad bytes in a UTF-8 string
* Comes from W3 FAQ: Multilingual Forms
* Note: modified to include full ASCII range including control chars
* @see http://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-forms-utf-8
* @param string to search
* @param string to replace bad bytes with (defaults to '?') - use ASCII
* @return string
* @package utf8
* @subpackage bad
*/
function utf8_bad_replace($str, $replace = '?') {
$UTF8_BAD =
'([\x00-\x7F]'. # ASCII (including control chars)
'|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]'. # non-overlong 2-byte
'|\xE0[\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]'. # excluding overlongs
'|[\xE1-\xEC\xEE\xEF][\x80-\xBF]{2}'. # straight 3-byte
'|\xED[\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]'. # excluding surrogates
'|\xF0[\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]{2}'. # planes 1-3
'|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF]{3}'. # planes 4-15
'|\xF4[\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF]{2}'. # plane 16
'|(.{1}))'; # invalid byte
ob_start();
while (preg_match('/'.$UTF8_BAD.'/S', $str, $matches)) {
if ( !isset($matches[2])) {
echo $matches[0];
} else {
echo $replace;
}
$str = substr($str,strlen($matches[0]));
}
$result = ob_get_contents();
ob_end_clean();
return $result;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Return code from utf8_bad_identify() when a five octet sequence is detected.
* Note: 5 octets sequences are valid UTF-8 but are not supported by Unicode so
* do not represent a useful character
* @see utf8_bad_identify
* @package utf8
* @subpackage bad
*/
define('UTF8_BAD_5OCTET',1);
/**
* Return code from utf8_bad_identify() when a six octet sequence is detected.
* Note: 6 octets sequences are valid UTF-8 but are not supported by Unicode so
* do not represent a useful character
* @see utf8_bad_identify
* @package utf8
* @subpackage bad
*/
define('UTF8_BAD_6OCTET',2);
/**
* Return code from utf8_bad_identify().
* Invalid octet for use as start of multi-byte UTF-8 sequence
* @see utf8_bad_identify
* @package utf8
* @subpackage bad
*/
define('UTF8_BAD_SEQID',3);
/**
* Return code from utf8_bad_identify().
* From Unicode 3.1, non-shortest form is illegal
* @see utf8_bad_identify
* @package utf8
* @subpackage bad
*/
define('UTF8_BAD_NONSHORT',4);
/**
* Return code from utf8_bad_identify().
* From Unicode 3.2, surrogate characters are illegal
* @see utf8_bad_identify
* @package utf8
* @subpackage bad
*/
define('UTF8_BAD_SURROGATE',5);
/**
* Return code from utf8_bad_identify().
* Codepoints outside the Unicode range are illegal
* @see utf8_bad_identify
* @package utf8
* @subpackage bad
*/
define('UTF8_BAD_UNIOUTRANGE',6);
/**
* Return code from utf8_bad_identify().
* Incomplete multi-octet sequence
* Note: this is kind of a "catch-all"
* @see utf8_bad_identify
* @package utf8
* @subpackage bad
*/
define('UTF8_BAD_SEQINCOMPLETE',7);
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Reports on the type of bad byte found in a UTF-8 string. Returns a
* status code on the first bad byte found
* @author <hsivonen@iki.fi>
* @param string UTF-8 encoded string
* @return mixed integer constant describing problem or FALSE if valid UTF-8
* @see utf8_bad_explain
* @see http://hsivonen.iki.fi/php-utf8/
* @package utf8
* @subpackage bad
*/
function utf8_bad_identify($str, &$i) {
$mState = 0; // cached expected number of octets after the current octet
// until the beginning of the next UTF8 character sequence
$mUcs4 = 0; // cached Unicode character
$mBytes = 1; // cached expected number of octets in the current sequence
$len = strlen($str);
for($i = 0; $i < $len; $i++) {
$in = ord($str{$i});
if ( $mState == 0) {
// When mState is zero we expect either a US-ASCII character or a
// multi-octet sequence.
if (0 == (0x80 & ($in))) {
// US-ASCII, pass straight through.
$mBytes = 1;
} else if (0xC0 == (0xE0 & ($in))) {
// First octet of 2 octet sequence
$mUcs4 = ($in);
$mUcs4 = ($mUcs4 & 0x1F) << 6;
$mState = 1;
$mBytes = 2;
} else if (0xE0 == (0xF0 & ($in))) {
// First octet of 3 octet sequence
$mUcs4 = ($in);
$mUcs4 = ($mUcs4 & 0x0F) << 12;
$mState = 2;
$mBytes = 3;
} else if (0xF0 == (0xF8 & ($in))) {
// First octet of 4 octet sequence
$mUcs4 = ($in);
$mUcs4 = ($mUcs4 & 0x07) << 18;
$mState = 3;
$mBytes = 4;
} else if (0xF8 == (0xFC & ($in))) {
/* First octet of 5 octet sequence.
*
* This is illegal because the encoded codepoint must be either
* (a) not the shortest form or
* (b) outside the Unicode range of 0-0x10FFFF.
*/
return UTF8_BAD_5OCTET;
} else if (0xFC == (0xFE & ($in))) {
// First octet of 6 octet sequence, see comments for 5 octet sequence.
return UTF8_BAD_6OCTET;
} else {
// Current octet is neither in the US-ASCII range nor a legal first
// octet of a multi-octet sequence.
return UTF8_BAD_SEQID;
}
} else {
// When mState is non-zero, we expect a continuation of the multi-octet
// sequence
if (0x80 == (0xC0 & ($in))) {
// Legal continuation.
$shift = ($mState - 1) * 6;
$tmp = $in;
$tmp = ($tmp & 0x0000003F) << $shift;
$mUcs4 |= $tmp;
/**
* End of the multi-octet sequence. mUcs4 now contains the final
* Unicode codepoint to be output
*/
if (0 == --$mState) {
// From Unicode 3.1, non-shortest form is illegal
if (((2 == $mBytes) && ($mUcs4 < 0x0080)) ||
((3 == $mBytes) && ($mUcs4 < 0x0800)) ||
((4 == $mBytes) && ($mUcs4 < 0x10000)) ) {
return UTF8_BAD_NONSHORT;
// From Unicode 3.2, surrogate characters are illegal
} else if (($mUcs4 & 0xFFFFF800) == 0xD800) {
return UTF8_BAD_SURROGATE;
// Codepoints outside the Unicode range are illegal
} else if ($mUcs4 > 0x10FFFF) {
return UTF8_BAD_UNIOUTRANGE;
}
//initialize UTF8 cache
$mState = 0;
$mUcs4 = 0;
$mBytes = 1;
}
} else {
// ((0xC0 & (*in) != 0x80) && (mState != 0))
// Incomplete multi-octet sequence.
$i--;
return UTF8_BAD_SEQINCOMPLETE;
}
}
}
if ( $mState != 0 ) {
// Incomplete multi-octet sequence.
$i--;
return UTF8_BAD_SEQINCOMPLETE;
}
// No bad octets found
$i = NULL;
return FALSE;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Takes a return code from utf8_bad_identify() are returns a message
* (in English) explaining what the problem is.
* @param int return code from utf8_bad_identify
* @return mixed string message or FALSE if return code unknown
* @see utf8_bad_identify
* @package utf8
* @subpackage bad
*/
function utf8_bad_explain($code) {
switch ($code) {
case UTF8_BAD_5OCTET:
return 'Five octet sequences are valid UTF-8 but are not supported by Unicode';
break;
case UTF8_BAD_6OCTET:
return 'Six octet sequences are valid UTF-8 but are not supported by Unicode';
break;
case UTF8_BAD_SEQID:
return 'Invalid octet for use as start of multi-byte UTF-8 sequence';
break;
case UTF8_BAD_NONSHORT:
return 'From Unicode 3.1, non-shortest form is illegal';
break;
case UTF8_BAD_SURROGATE:
return 'From Unicode 3.2, surrogate characters are illegal';
break;
case UTF8_BAD_UNIOUTRANGE:
return 'Codepoints outside the Unicode range are illegal';
break;
case UTF8_BAD_SEQINCOMPLETE:
return 'Incomplete multi-octet sequence';
break;
}
trigger_error('Unknown error code: '.$code,E_USER_WARNING);
return FALSE;
}

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<!DOCTYPE html><title></title>

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<?php
/**
* PCRE Regular expressions for UTF-8. Note this file is not actually used by
* the rest of the library but these regular expressions can be useful to have
* available.
* @version $Id$
* @see http://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-forms-utf-8
* @package utf8
* @subpackage patterns
*/
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* PCRE Pattern to check a UTF-8 string is valid
* Comes from W3 FAQ: Multilingual Forms
* Note: modified to include full ASCII range including control chars
* @see http://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-forms-utf-8
* @package utf8
* @subpackage patterns
*/
$UTF8_VALID = '^('.
'[\x00-\x7F]'. # ASCII (including control chars)
'|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]'. # non-overlong 2-byte
'|\xE0[\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]'. # excluding overlongs
'|[\xE1-\xEC\xEE\xEF][\x80-\xBF]{2}'. # straight 3-byte
'|\xED[\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]'. # excluding surrogates
'|\xF0[\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]{2}'. # planes 1-3
'|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF]{3}'. # planes 4-15
'|\xF4[\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF]{2}'. # plane 16
')*$';
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* PCRE Pattern to match single UTF-8 characters
* Comes from W3 FAQ: Multilingual Forms
* Note: modified to include full ASCII range including control chars
* @see http://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-forms-utf-8
* @package utf8
* @subpackage patterns
*/
$UTF8_MATCH =
'([\x00-\x7F])'. # ASCII (including control chars)
'|([\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF])'. # non-overlong 2-byte
'|(\xE0[\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])'. # excluding overlongs
'|([\xE1-\xEC\xEE\xEF][\x80-\xBF]{2})'. # straight 3-byte
'|(\xED[\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF])'. # excluding surrogates
'|(\xF0[\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]{2})'. # planes 1-3
'|([\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF]{3})'. # planes 4-15
'|(\xF4[\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF]{2})'; # plane 16
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* PCRE Pattern to locate bad bytes in a UTF-8 string
* Comes from W3 FAQ: Multilingual Forms
* Note: modified to include full ASCII range including control chars
* @see http://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-forms-utf-8
* @package utf8
* @subpackage patterns
*/
$UTF8_BAD =
'([\x00-\x7F]'. # ASCII (including control chars)
'|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]'. # non-overlong 2-byte
'|\xE0[\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]'. # excluding overlongs
'|[\xE1-\xEC\xEE\xEF][\x80-\xBF]{2}'. # straight 3-byte
'|\xED[\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]'. # excluding surrogates
'|\xF0[\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]{2}'. # planes 1-3
'|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF]{3}'. # planes 4-15
'|\xF4[\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF]{2}'. # plane 16
'|(.{1}))'; # invalid byte

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<?php
/**
* Locate a byte index given a UTF-8 character index
* @version $Id$
* @package utf8
* @subpackage position
*/
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Given a string and a character index in the string, in
* terms of the UTF-8 character position, returns the byte
* index of that character. Can be useful when you want to
* PHP's native string functions but we warned, locating
* the byte can be expensive
* Takes variable number of parameters - first must be
* the search string then 1 to n UTF-8 character positions
* to obtain byte indexes for - it is more efficient to search
* the string for multiple characters at once, than make
* repeated calls to this function
*
* @author Chris Smith<chris@jalakai.co.uk>
* @param string string to locate index in
* @param int (n times)
* @return mixed - int if only one input int, array if more
* @return boolean TRUE if it's all ASCII
* @package utf8
* @subpackage position
*/
function utf8_byte_position() {
$args = func_get_args();
$str =& array_shift($args);
if (!is_string($str)) return false;
$result = array();
// trivial byte index, character offset pair
$prev = array(0,0);
// use a short piece of str to estimate bytes per character
// $i (& $j) -> byte indexes into $str
$i = utf8_locate_next_chr($str, 300);
// $c -> character offset into $str
$c = strlen(utf8_decode(substr($str,0,$i)));
// deal with arguments from lowest to highest
sort($args);
foreach ($args as $offset) {
// sanity checks FIXME
// 0 is an easy check
if ($offset == 0) { $result[] = 0; continue; }
// ensure no endless looping
$safety_valve = 50;
do {
if ( ($c - $prev[1]) == 0 ) {
// Hack: gone past end of string
$error = 0;
$i = strlen($str);
break;
}
$j = $i + (int)(($offset-$c) * ($i - $prev[0]) / ($c - $prev[1]));
// correct to utf8 character boundary
$j = utf8_locate_next_chr($str, $j);
// save the index, offset for use next iteration
$prev = array($i,$c);
if ($j > $i) {
// determine new character offset
$c += strlen(utf8_decode(substr($str,$i,$j-$i)));
} else {
// ditto
$c -= strlen(utf8_decode(substr($str,$j,$i-$j)));
}
$error = abs($c-$offset);
// ready for next time around
$i = $j;
// from 7 it is faster to iterate over the string
} while ( ($error > 7) && --$safety_valve) ;
if ($error && $error <= 7) {
if ($c < $offset) {
// move up
while ($error--) { $i = utf8_locate_next_chr($str,++$i); }
} else {
// move down
while ($error--) { $i = utf8_locate_current_chr($str,--$i); }
}
// ready for next arg
$c = $offset;
}
$result[] = $i;
}
if ( count($result) == 1 ) {
return $result[0];
}
return $result;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Given a string and any byte index, returns the byte index
* of the start of the current UTF-8 character, relative to supplied
* position. If the current character begins at the same place as the
* supplied byte index, that byte index will be returned. Otherwise
* this function will step backwards, looking for the index where
* curent UTF-8 character begins
* @author Chris Smith<chris@jalakai.co.uk>
* @param string
* @param int byte index in the string
* @return int byte index of start of next UTF-8 character
* @package utf8
* @subpackage position
*/
function utf8_locate_current_chr( &$str, $idx ) {
if ($idx <= 0) return 0;
$limit = strlen($str);
if ($idx >= $limit) return $limit;
// Binary value for any byte after the first in a multi-byte UTF-8 character
// will be like 10xxxxxx so & 0xC0 can be used to detect this kind
// of byte - assuming well formed UTF-8
while ($idx && ((ord($str[$idx]) & 0xC0) == 0x80)) $idx--;
return $idx;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Given a string and any byte index, returns the byte index
* of the start of the next UTF-8 character, relative to supplied
* position. If the next character begins at the same place as the
* supplied byte index, that byte index will be returned.
* @author Chris Smith<chris@jalakai.co.uk>
* @param string
* @param int byte index in the string
* @return int byte index of start of next UTF-8 character
* @package utf8
* @subpackage position
*/
function utf8_locate_next_chr( &$str, $idx ) {
if ($idx <= 0) return 0;
$limit = strlen($str);
if ($idx >= $limit) return $limit;
// Binary value for any byte after the first in a multi-byte UTF-8 character
// will be like 10xxxxxx so & 0xC0 can be used to detect this kind
// of byte - assuming well formed UTF-8
while (($idx < $limit) && ((ord($str[$idx]) & 0xC0) == 0x80)) $idx++;
return $idx;
}

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<?php
/**
* Utilities for processing "special" characters in UTF-8. "Special" largely means anything which would
* be regarded as a non-word character, like ASCII control characters and punctuation. This has a "Roman"
* bias - it would be unaware of modern Chinese "punctuation" characters for example.
* Note: requires utils/unicode.php to be loaded
* @version $Id$
* @package utf8
* @subpackage utils
* @see utf8_is_valid
*/
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Used internally. Builds a PCRE pattern from the $UTF8_SPECIAL_CHARS
* array defined in this file
* The $UTF8_SPECIAL_CHARS should contain all special characters (non-letter/non-digit)
* defined in the various local charsets - it's not a complete list of
* non-alphanum characters in UTF-8. It's not perfect but should match most
* cases of special chars.
* This function adds the control chars 0x00 to 0x19 to the array of
* special chars (they are not included in $UTF8_SPECIAL_CHARS)
* @package utf8
* @subpackage utils
* @return string
* @see utf8_from_unicode
* @see utf8_is_word_chars
* @see utf8_strip_specials
*/
function utf8_specials_pattern() {
static $pattern = NULL;
if ( !$pattern ) {
$UTF8_SPECIAL_CHARS = array(
0x001a, 0x001b, 0x001c, 0x001d, 0x001e, 0x001f, 0x0020, 0x0021, 0x0022, 0x0023,
0x0024, 0x0025, 0x0026, 0x0027, 0x0028, 0x0029, 0x002a, 0x002b, 0x002c,
0x002f, 0x003b, 0x003c, 0x003d, 0x003e, 0x003f, 0x0040, 0x005b,
0x005c, 0x005d, 0x005e, 0x0060, 0x007b, 0x007c, 0x007d, 0x007e,
0x007f, 0x0080, 0x0081, 0x0082, 0x0083, 0x0084, 0x0085, 0x0086, 0x0087, 0x0088,
0x0089, 0x008a, 0x008b, 0x008c, 0x008d, 0x008e, 0x008f, 0x0090, 0x0091, 0x0092,
0x0093, 0x0094, 0x0095, 0x0096, 0x0097, 0x0098, 0x0099, 0x009a, 0x009b, 0x009c,
0x009d, 0x009e, 0x009f, 0x00a0, 0x00a1, 0x00a2, 0x00a3, 0x00a4, 0x00a5, 0x00a6,
0x00a7, 0x00a8, 0x00a9, 0x00aa, 0x00ab, 0x00ac, 0x00ad, 0x00ae, 0x00af, 0x00b0,
0x00b1, 0x00b2, 0x00b3, 0x00b4, 0x00b5, 0x00b6, 0x00b7, 0x00b8, 0x00b9, 0x00ba,
0x00bb, 0x00bc, 0x00bd, 0x00be, 0x00bf, 0x00d7, 0x00f7, 0x02c7, 0x02d8, 0x02d9,
0x02da, 0x02db, 0x02dc, 0x02dd, 0x0300, 0x0301, 0x0303, 0x0309, 0x0323, 0x0384,
0x0385, 0x0387, 0x03b2, 0x03c6, 0x03d1, 0x03d2, 0x03d5, 0x03d6, 0x05b0, 0x05b1,
0x05b2, 0x05b3, 0x05b4, 0x05b5, 0x05b6, 0x05b7, 0x05b8, 0x05b9, 0x05bb, 0x05bc,
0x05bd, 0x05be, 0x05bf, 0x05c0, 0x05c1, 0x05c2, 0x05c3, 0x05f3, 0x05f4, 0x060c,
0x061b, 0x061f, 0x0640, 0x064b, 0x064c, 0x064d, 0x064e, 0x064f, 0x0650, 0x0651,
0x0652, 0x066a, 0x0e3f, 0x200c, 0x200d, 0x200e, 0x200f, 0x2013, 0x2014, 0x2015,
0x2017, 0x2018, 0x2019, 0x201a, 0x201c, 0x201d, 0x201e, 0x2020, 0x2021, 0x2022,
0x2026, 0x2030, 0x2032, 0x2033, 0x2039, 0x203a, 0x2044, 0x20a7, 0x20aa, 0x20ab,
0x20ac, 0x2116, 0x2118, 0x2122, 0x2126, 0x2135, 0x2190, 0x2191, 0x2192, 0x2193,
0x2194, 0x2195, 0x21b5, 0x21d0, 0x21d1, 0x21d2, 0x21d3, 0x21d4, 0x2200, 0x2202,
0x2203, 0x2205, 0x2206, 0x2207, 0x2208, 0x2209, 0x220b, 0x220f, 0x2211, 0x2212,
0x2215, 0x2217, 0x2219, 0x221a, 0x221d, 0x221e, 0x2220, 0x2227, 0x2228, 0x2229,
0x222a, 0x222b, 0x2234, 0x223c, 0x2245, 0x2248, 0x2260, 0x2261, 0x2264, 0x2265,
0x2282, 0x2283, 0x2284, 0x2286, 0x2287, 0x2295, 0x2297, 0x22a5, 0x22c5, 0x2310,
0x2320, 0x2321, 0x2329, 0x232a, 0x2469, 0x2500, 0x2502, 0x250c, 0x2510, 0x2514,
0x2518, 0x251c, 0x2524, 0x252c, 0x2534, 0x253c, 0x2550, 0x2551, 0x2552, 0x2553,
0x2554, 0x2555, 0x2556, 0x2557, 0x2558, 0x2559, 0x255a, 0x255b, 0x255c, 0x255d,
0x255e, 0x255f, 0x2560, 0x2561, 0x2562, 0x2563, 0x2564, 0x2565, 0x2566, 0x2567,
0x2568, 0x2569, 0x256a, 0x256b, 0x256c, 0x2580, 0x2584, 0x2588, 0x258c, 0x2590,
0x2591, 0x2592, 0x2593, 0x25a0, 0x25b2, 0x25bc, 0x25c6, 0x25ca, 0x25cf, 0x25d7,
0x2605, 0x260e, 0x261b, 0x261e, 0x2660, 0x2663, 0x2665, 0x2666, 0x2701, 0x2702,
0x2703, 0x2704, 0x2706, 0x2707, 0x2708, 0x2709, 0x270c, 0x270d, 0x270e, 0x270f,
0x2710, 0x2711, 0x2712, 0x2713, 0x2714, 0x2715, 0x2716, 0x2717, 0x2718, 0x2719,
0x271a, 0x271b, 0x271c, 0x271d, 0x271e, 0x271f, 0x2720, 0x2721, 0x2722, 0x2723,
0x2724, 0x2725, 0x2726, 0x2727, 0x2729, 0x272a, 0x272b, 0x272c, 0x272d, 0x272e,
0x272f, 0x2730, 0x2731, 0x2732, 0x2733, 0x2734, 0x2735, 0x2736, 0x2737, 0x2738,
0x2739, 0x273a, 0x273b, 0x273c, 0x273d, 0x273e, 0x273f, 0x2740, 0x2741, 0x2742,
0x2743, 0x2744, 0x2745, 0x2746, 0x2747, 0x2748, 0x2749, 0x274a, 0x274b, 0x274d,
0x274f, 0x2750, 0x2751, 0x2752, 0x2756, 0x2758, 0x2759, 0x275a, 0x275b, 0x275c,
0x275d, 0x275e, 0x2761, 0x2762, 0x2763, 0x2764, 0x2765, 0x2766, 0x2767, 0x277f,
0x2789, 0x2793, 0x2794, 0x2798, 0x2799, 0x279a, 0x279b, 0x279c, 0x279d, 0x279e,
0x279f, 0x27a0, 0x27a1, 0x27a2, 0x27a3, 0x27a4, 0x27a5, 0x27a6, 0x27a7, 0x27a8,
0x27a9, 0x27aa, 0x27ab, 0x27ac, 0x27ad, 0x27ae, 0x27af, 0x27b1, 0x27b2, 0x27b3,
0x27b4, 0x27b5, 0x27b6, 0x27b7, 0x27b8, 0x27b9, 0x27ba, 0x27bb, 0x27bc, 0x27bd,
0x27be, 0xf6d9, 0xf6da, 0xf6db, 0xf8d7, 0xf8d8, 0xf8d9, 0xf8da, 0xf8db, 0xf8dc,
0xf8dd, 0xf8de, 0xf8df, 0xf8e0, 0xf8e1, 0xf8e2, 0xf8e3, 0xf8e4, 0xf8e5, 0xf8e6,
0xf8e7, 0xf8e8, 0xf8e9, 0xf8ea, 0xf8eb, 0xf8ec, 0xf8ed, 0xf8ee, 0xf8ef, 0xf8f0,
0xf8f1, 0xf8f2, 0xf8f3, 0xf8f4, 0xf8f5, 0xf8f6, 0xf8f7, 0xf8f8, 0xf8f9, 0xf8fa,
0xf8fb, 0xf8fc, 0xf8fd, 0xf8fe, 0xfe7c, 0xfe7d,
);
$pattern = preg_quote(utf8_from_unicode($UTF8_SPECIAL_CHARS), '/');
$pattern = '/[\x00-\x19'.$pattern.']/u';
}
return $pattern;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Checks a string for whether it contains only word characters. This
* is logically equivalent to the \w PCRE meta character. Note that
* this is not a 100% guarantee that the string only contains alpha /
* numeric characters but just that common non-alphanumeric are not
* in the string, including ASCII device control characters.
* @package utf8
* @subpackage utils
* @param string to check
* @return boolean TRUE if the string only contains word characters
* @see utf8_specials_pattern
*/
function utf8_is_word_chars($str) {
return !(bool)preg_match(utf8_specials_pattern(),$str);
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Removes special characters (nonalphanumeric) from a UTF-8 string
*
* This can be useful as a helper for sanitizing a string for use as
* something like a file name or a unique identifier. Be warned though
* it does not handle all possible non-alphanumeric characters and is
* not intended is some kind of security / injection filter.
*
* @package utf8
* @subpackage utils
* @author Andreas Gohr <andi@splitbrain.org>
* @param string $string The UTF8 string to strip of special chars
* @param string (optional) $repl Replace special with this string
* @return string with common non-alphanumeric characters removed
* @see utf8_specials_pattern
*/
function utf8_strip_specials($string, $repl=''){
return preg_replace(utf8_specials_pattern(), $repl, $string);
}

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<?php
/**
* @version $Id$
* Tools for conversion between UTF-8 and unicode
* The Original Code is Mozilla Communicator client code.
* The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
* Netscape Communications Corporation.
* Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
* the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
* Ported to PHP by Henri Sivonen (http://hsivonen.iki.fi)
* Slight modifications to fit with phputf8 library by Harry Fuecks (hfuecks gmail com)
* @see http://lxr.mozilla.org/seamonkey/source/intl/uconv/src/nsUTF8ToUnicode.cpp
* @see http://lxr.mozilla.org/seamonkey/source/intl/uconv/src/nsUnicodeToUTF8.cpp
* @see http://hsivonen.iki.fi/php-utf8/
* @package utf8
* @subpackage unicode
*/
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Takes an UTF-8 string and returns an array of ints representing the
* Unicode characters. Astral planes are supported ie. the ints in the
* output can be > 0xFFFF. Occurrances of the BOM are ignored. Surrogates
* are not allowed.
* Returns false if the input string isn't a valid UTF-8 octet sequence
* and raises a PHP error at level E_USER_WARNING
* Note: this function has been modified slightly in this library to
* trigger errors on encountering bad bytes
* @author <hsivonen@iki.fi>
* @param string UTF-8 encoded string
* @return mixed array of unicode code points or FALSE if UTF-8 invalid
* @see utf8_from_unicode
* @see http://hsivonen.iki.fi/php-utf8/
* @package utf8
* @subpackage unicode
*/
function utf8_to_unicode($str) {
$mState = 0; // cached expected number of octets after the current octet
// until the beginning of the next UTF8 character sequence
$mUcs4 = 0; // cached Unicode character
$mBytes = 1; // cached expected number of octets in the current sequence
$out = array();
$len = strlen($str);
for($i = 0; $i < $len; $i++) {
$in = ord($str{$i});
if ( $mState == 0) {
// When mState is zero we expect either a US-ASCII character or a
// multi-octet sequence.
if (0 == (0x80 & ($in))) {
// US-ASCII, pass straight through.
$out[] = $in;
$mBytes = 1;
} else if (0xC0 == (0xE0 & ($in))) {
// First octet of 2 octet sequence
$mUcs4 = ($in);
$mUcs4 = ($mUcs4 & 0x1F) << 6;
$mState = 1;
$mBytes = 2;
} else if (0xE0 == (0xF0 & ($in))) {
// First octet of 3 octet sequence
$mUcs4 = ($in);
$mUcs4 = ($mUcs4 & 0x0F) << 12;
$mState = 2;
$mBytes = 3;
} else if (0xF0 == (0xF8 & ($in))) {
// First octet of 4 octet sequence
$mUcs4 = ($in);
$mUcs4 = ($mUcs4 & 0x07) << 18;
$mState = 3;
$mBytes = 4;
} else if (0xF8 == (0xFC & ($in))) {
/* First octet of 5 octet sequence.
*
* This is illegal because the encoded codepoint must be either
* (a) not the shortest form or
* (b) outside the Unicode range of 0-0x10FFFF.
* Rather than trying to resynchronize, we will carry on until the end
* of the sequence and let the later error handling code catch it.
*/
$mUcs4 = ($in);
$mUcs4 = ($mUcs4 & 0x03) << 24;
$mState = 4;
$mBytes = 5;
} else if (0xFC == (0xFE & ($in))) {
// First octet of 6 octet sequence, see comments for 5 octet sequence.
$mUcs4 = ($in);
$mUcs4 = ($mUcs4 & 1) << 30;
$mState = 5;
$mBytes = 6;
} else {
/* Current octet is neither in the US-ASCII range nor a legal first
* octet of a multi-octet sequence.
*/
trigger_error(
'utf8_to_unicode: Illegal sequence identifier '.
'in UTF-8 at byte '.$i,
E_USER_WARNING
);
return FALSE;
}
} else {
// When mState is non-zero, we expect a continuation of the multi-octet
// sequence
if (0x80 == (0xC0 & ($in))) {
// Legal continuation.
$shift = ($mState - 1) * 6;
$tmp = $in;
$tmp = ($tmp & 0x0000003F) << $shift;
$mUcs4 |= $tmp;
/**
* End of the multi-octet sequence. mUcs4 now contains the final
* Unicode codepoint to be output
*/
if (0 == --$mState) {
/*
* Check for illegal sequences and codepoints.
*/
// From Unicode 3.1, non-shortest form is illegal
if (((2 == $mBytes) && ($mUcs4 < 0x0080)) ||
((3 == $mBytes) && ($mUcs4 < 0x0800)) ||
((4 == $mBytes) && ($mUcs4 < 0x10000)) ||
(4 < $mBytes) ||
// From Unicode 3.2, surrogate characters are illegal
(($mUcs4 & 0xFFFFF800) == 0xD800) ||
// Codepoints outside the Unicode range are illegal
($mUcs4 > 0x10FFFF)) {
trigger_error(
'utf8_to_unicode: Illegal sequence or codepoint '.
'in UTF-8 at byte '.$i,
E_USER_WARNING
);
return FALSE;
}
if (0xFEFF != $mUcs4) {
// BOM is legal but we don't want to output it
$out[] = $mUcs4;
}
//initialize UTF8 cache
$mState = 0;
$mUcs4 = 0;
$mBytes = 1;
}
} else {
/**
*((0xC0 & (*in) != 0x80) && (mState != 0))
* Incomplete multi-octet sequence.
*/
trigger_error(
'utf8_to_unicode: Incomplete multi-octet '.
' sequence in UTF-8 at byte '.$i,
E_USER_WARNING
);
return FALSE;
}
}
}
return $out;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Takes an array of ints representing the Unicode characters and returns
* a UTF-8 string. Astral planes are supported ie. the ints in the
* input can be > 0xFFFF. Occurrances of the BOM are ignored. Surrogates
* are not allowed.
* Returns false if the input array contains ints that represent
* surrogates or are outside the Unicode range
* and raises a PHP error at level E_USER_WARNING
* Note: this function has been modified slightly in this library to use
* output buffering to concatenate the UTF-8 string (faster) as well as
* reference the array by it's keys
* @param array of unicode code points representing a string
* @return mixed UTF-8 string or FALSE if array contains invalid code points
* @author <hsivonen@iki.fi>
* @see utf8_to_unicode
* @see http://hsivonen.iki.fi/php-utf8/
* @package utf8
* @subpackage unicode
*/
function utf8_from_unicode($arr) {
ob_start();
foreach (array_keys($arr) as $k) {
# ASCII range (including control chars)
if ( ($arr[$k] >= 0) && ($arr[$k] <= 0x007f) ) {
echo chr($arr[$k]);
# 2 byte sequence
} else if ($arr[$k] <= 0x07ff) {
echo chr(0xc0 | ($arr[$k] >> 6));
echo chr(0x80 | ($arr[$k] & 0x003f));
# Byte order mark (skip)
} else if($arr[$k] == 0xFEFF) {
// nop -- zap the BOM
# Test for illegal surrogates
} else if ($arr[$k] >= 0xD800 && $arr[$k] <= 0xDFFF) {
// found a surrogate
trigger_error(
'utf8_from_unicode: Illegal surrogate '.
'at index: '.$k.', value: '.$arr[$k],
E_USER_WARNING
);
return FALSE;
# 3 byte sequence
} else if ($arr[$k] <= 0xffff) {
echo chr(0xe0 | ($arr[$k] >> 12));
echo chr(0x80 | (($arr[$k] >> 6) & 0x003f));
echo chr(0x80 | ($arr[$k] & 0x003f));
# 4 byte sequence
} else if ($arr[$k] <= 0x10ffff) {
echo chr(0xf0 | ($arr[$k] >> 18));
echo chr(0x80 | (($arr[$k] >> 12) & 0x3f));
echo chr(0x80 | (($arr[$k] >> 6) & 0x3f));
echo chr(0x80 | ($arr[$k] & 0x3f));
} else {
trigger_error(
'utf8_from_unicode: Codepoint out of Unicode range '.
'at index: '.$k.', value: '.$arr[$k],
E_USER_WARNING
);
// out of range
return FALSE;
}
}
$result = ob_get_contents();
ob_end_clean();
return $result;
}

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@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
<?php
/**
* @version $Id$
* Tools for validing a UTF-8 string is well formed.
* The Original Code is Mozilla Communicator client code.
* The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
* Netscape Communications Corporation.
* Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
* the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
* Ported to PHP by Henri Sivonen (http://hsivonen.iki.fi)
* Slight modifications to fit with phputf8 library by Harry Fuecks (hfuecks gmail com)
* @see http://lxr.mozilla.org/seamonkey/source/intl/uconv/src/nsUTF8ToUnicode.cpp
* @see http://lxr.mozilla.org/seamonkey/source/intl/uconv/src/nsUnicodeToUTF8.cpp
* @see http://hsivonen.iki.fi/php-utf8/
* @package utf8
* @subpackage validation
*/
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Tests a string as to whether it's valid UTF-8 and supported by the
* Unicode standard
* Note: this function has been modified to simple return true or false
* @author <hsivonen@iki.fi>
* @param string UTF-8 encoded string
* @return boolean true if valid
* @see http://hsivonen.iki.fi/php-utf8/
* @see utf8_compliant
* @package utf8
* @subpackage validation
*/
function utf8_is_valid($str) {
$mState = 0; // cached expected number of octets after the current octet
// until the beginning of the next UTF8 character sequence
$mUcs4 = 0; // cached Unicode character
$mBytes = 1; // cached expected number of octets in the current sequence
$len = strlen($str);
for($i = 0; $i < $len; $i++) {
$in = ord($str{$i});
if ( $mState == 0) {
// When mState is zero we expect either a US-ASCII character or a
// multi-octet sequence.
if (0 == (0x80 & ($in))) {
// US-ASCII, pass straight through.
$mBytes = 1;
} else if (0xC0 == (0xE0 & ($in))) {
// First octet of 2 octet sequence
$mUcs4 = ($in);
$mUcs4 = ($mUcs4 & 0x1F) << 6;
$mState = 1;
$mBytes = 2;
} else if (0xE0 == (0xF0 & ($in))) {
// First octet of 3 octet sequence
$mUcs4 = ($in);
$mUcs4 = ($mUcs4 & 0x0F) << 12;
$mState = 2;
$mBytes = 3;
} else if (0xF0 == (0xF8 & ($in))) {
// First octet of 4 octet sequence
$mUcs4 = ($in);
$mUcs4 = ($mUcs4 & 0x07) << 18;
$mState = 3;
$mBytes = 4;
} else if (0xF8 == (0xFC & ($in))) {
/* First octet of 5 octet sequence.
*
* This is illegal because the encoded codepoint must be either
* (a) not the shortest form or
* (b) outside the Unicode range of 0-0x10FFFF.
* Rather than trying to resynchronize, we will carry on until the end
* of the sequence and let the later error handling code catch it.
*/
$mUcs4 = ($in);
$mUcs4 = ($mUcs4 & 0x03) << 24;
$mState = 4;
$mBytes = 5;
} else if (0xFC == (0xFE & ($in))) {
// First octet of 6 octet sequence, see comments for 5 octet sequence.
$mUcs4 = ($in);
$mUcs4 = ($mUcs4 & 1) << 30;
$mState = 5;
$mBytes = 6;
} else {
/* Current octet is neither in the US-ASCII range nor a legal first
* octet of a multi-octet sequence.
*/
return FALSE;
}
} else {
// When mState is non-zero, we expect a continuation of the multi-octet
// sequence
if (0x80 == (0xC0 & ($in))) {
// Legal continuation.
$shift = ($mState - 1) * 6;
$tmp = $in;
$tmp = ($tmp & 0x0000003F) << $shift;
$mUcs4 |= $tmp;
/**
* End of the multi-octet sequence. mUcs4 now contains the final
* Unicode codepoint to be output
*/
if (0 == --$mState) {
/*
* Check for illegal sequences and codepoints.
*/
// From Unicode 3.1, non-shortest form is illegal
if (((2 == $mBytes) && ($mUcs4 < 0x0080)) ||
((3 == $mBytes) && ($mUcs4 < 0x0800)) ||
((4 == $mBytes) && ($mUcs4 < 0x10000)) ||
(4 < $mBytes) ||
// From Unicode 3.2, surrogate characters are illegal
(($mUcs4 & 0xFFFFF800) == 0xD800) ||
// Codepoints outside the Unicode range are illegal
($mUcs4 > 0x10FFFF)) {
return FALSE;
}
//initialize UTF8 cache
$mState = 0;
$mUcs4 = 0;
$mBytes = 1;
}
} else {
/**
*((0xC0 & (*in) != 0x80) && (mState != 0))
* Incomplete multi-octet sequence.
*/
return FALSE;
}
}
}
return TRUE;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Tests whether a string complies as UTF-8. This will be much
* faster than utf8_is_valid but will pass five and six octet
* UTF-8 sequences, which are not supported by Unicode and
* so cannot be displayed correctly in a browser. In other words
* it is not as strict as utf8_is_valid but it's faster. If you use
* is to validate user input, you place yourself at the risk that
* attackers will be able to inject 5 and 6 byte sequences (which
* may or may not be a significant risk, depending on what you are
* are doing)
* @see utf8_is_valid
* @see http://www.php.net/manual/en/reference.pcre.pattern.modifiers.php#54805
* @param string UTF-8 string to check
* @return boolean TRUE if string is valid UTF-8
* @package utf8
* @subpackage validation
*/
function utf8_compliant($str) {
if ( strlen($str) == 0 ) {
return TRUE;
}
// If even just the first character can be matched, when the /u
// modifier is used, then it's valid UTF-8. If the UTF-8 is somehow
// invalid, nothing at all will match, even if the string contains
// some valid sequences
return (preg_match('/^.{1}/us',$str,$ar) == 1);
}