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That's all there is to it!

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++PHP UTF-8++
Version 0.5
++DOCUMENTATION++
Documentation in progress in ./docs dir
http://www.phpwact.org/php/i18n/charsets
http://www.phpwact.org/php/i18n/utf-8
Important Note: DO NOT use these functions without understanding WHY
you are using them. In particular, do not blindly replace all use of PHP's
string functions which functions found here - most of the time you will
not need to, and you will be introducing a significant performance
overhead to your application. You can get a good idea of when to use what
from reading: http://www.phpwact.org/php/i18n/utf-8
Important Note: For sake of performance most of the functions here are
not "defensive" (e.g. there is not extensive parameter checking, well
formed UTF-8 is assumed). This is particularily relevant when is comes to
catching badly formed UTF-8 - you should screen input on the "outer
perimeter" with help from functions in the utf8_validation.php and
utf8_bad.php files.
Important Note: this library treats ALL ASCII characters as valid, including ASCII control characters. But if you use some ASCII control characters in XML, it will render the XML ill-formed. Don't be a bozo: http://hsivonen.iki.fi/producing-xml/#controlchar
++BUGS / SUPPORT / FEATURE REQUESTS ++
Please report bugs to:
http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=142846&atid=753842
- if you are able, please submit a failing unit test
(http://www.lastcraft.com/simple_test.php) with your bug report.
For feature requests / faster implementation of functions found here,
please drop them in via the RFE tracker: http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=142846&atid=753845
Particularily interested in faster implementations!
For general support / help, use:
http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=142846&atid=753843
In the VERY WORST case, you can email me: hfuecks gmail com - I tend to be slow to respond though so be warned.
Important Note: when reporting bugs, please provide the following
information;
PHP version, whether the iconv extension is loaded (in PHP5 it's
there by default), whether the mbstring extension is loaded. The
following PHP script can be used to determine this information;
<?php
print "PHP Version: " .phpversion()."<br>";
if ( extension_loaded('mbstring') ) {
print "mbstring available<br>";
} else {
print "mbstring not available<br>";
}
if ( extension_loaded('iconv') ) {
print "iconv available<br>";
} else {
print "iconv not available<br>";
}
?>
++LICENSING++
Parts of the code in this library come from other places, under different
licenses.
The authors involved have been contacted (see below). Attribution for
which code came from elsewhere can be found in the source code itself.
+Andreas Gohr / Chris Smith - Dokuwiki
There is a fair degree of collaboration / exchange of ideas and code
beteen Dokuwiki's UTF-8 library;
http://dev.splitbrain.org/view/darcs/dokuwiki/inc/utf8.php
and phputf8. Although Dokuwiki is released under GPL, its UTF-8
library is released under LGPL, hence no conflict with phputf8
+Henri Sivonen (http://hsivonen.iki.fi/php-utf8/ /
http://hsivonen.iki.fi/php-utf8/) has also given permission for his
code to be released under the terms of the LGPL. He ported a Unicode / UTF-8
converter from the Mozilla codebase to PHP, which is re-used in phputf8

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<!DOCTYPE html><title></title>

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<?php
/**
* @version $Id$
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
/**
* Define UTF8_CORE as required
*/
if ( !defined('UTF8_CORE') ) {
define('UTF8_CORE',TRUE);
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Wrapper round mb_strlen
* Assumes you have mb_internal_encoding to UTF-8 already
* Note: this function does not count bad bytes in the string - these
* are simply ignored
* @param string UTF-8 string
* @return int number of UTF-8 characters in string
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
function utf8_strlen($str){
return mb_strlen($str);
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Assumes mbstring internal encoding is set to UTF-8
* Wrapper around mb_strpos
* Find position of first occurrence of a string
* @param string haystack
* @param string needle (you should validate this with utf8_is_valid)
* @param integer offset in characters (from left)
* @return mixed integer position or FALSE on failure
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
function utf8_strpos($str, $search, $offset = FALSE){
if ( $offset === FALSE ) {
return mb_strpos($str, $search);
} else {
return mb_strpos($str, $search, $offset);
}
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Assumes mbstring internal encoding is set to UTF-8
* Wrapper around mb_strrpos
* Find position of last occurrence of a char in a string
* @param string haystack
* @param string needle (you should validate this with utf8_is_valid)
* @param integer (optional) offset (from left)
* @return mixed integer position or FALSE on failure
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
function utf8_strrpos($str, $search, $offset = FALSE){
if ( $offset === FALSE ) {
# Emulate behaviour of strrpos rather than raising warning
if ( empty($str) ) {
return FALSE;
}
return mb_strrpos($str, $search);
} else {
if ( !is_int($offset) ) {
trigger_error('utf8_strrpos expects parameter 3 to be long',E_USER_WARNING);
return FALSE;
}
$str = mb_substr($str, $offset);
if ( FALSE !== ( $pos = mb_strrpos($str, $search) ) ) {
return $pos + $offset;
}
return FALSE;
}
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Assumes mbstring internal encoding is set to UTF-8
* Wrapper around mb_substr
* Return part of a string given character offset (and optionally length)
* @param string
* @param integer number of UTF-8 characters offset (from left)
* @param integer (optional) length in UTF-8 characters from offset
* @return mixed string or FALSE if failure
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
function utf8_substr($str, $offset, $length = FALSE){
if ( $length === FALSE ) {
return mb_substr($str, $offset);
} else {
return mb_substr($str, $offset, $length);
}
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Assumes mbstring internal encoding is set to UTF-8
* Wrapper around mb_strtolower
* Make a string lowercase
* Note: The concept of a characters "case" only exists is some alphabets
* such as Latin, Greek, Cyrillic, Armenian and archaic Georgian - it does
* not exist in the Chinese alphabet, for example. See Unicode Standard
* Annex #21: Case Mappings
* @param string
* @return mixed either string in lowercase or FALSE is UTF-8 invalid
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
function utf8_strtolower($str){
return mb_strtolower($str);
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Assumes mbstring internal encoding is set to UTF-8
* Wrapper around mb_strtoupper
* Make a string uppercase
* Note: The concept of a characters "case" only exists is some alphabets
* such as Latin, Greek, Cyrillic, Armenian and archaic Georgian - it does
* not exist in the Chinese alphabet, for example. See Unicode Standard
* Annex #21: Case Mappings
* @param string
* @return mixed either string in lowercase or FALSE is UTF-8 invalid
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
function utf8_strtoupper($str){
return mb_strtoupper($str);
}

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<?php
/**
* @version $Id$
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
/**
* Define UTF8_CORE as required
*/
if ( !defined('UTF8_CORE') ) {
define('UTF8_CORE',TRUE);
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Unicode aware replacement for strlen(). Returns the number
* of characters in the string (not the number of bytes), replacing
* multibyte characters with a single byte equivalent
* utf8_decode() converts characters that are not in ISO-8859-1
* to '?', which, for the purpose of counting, is alright - It's
* much faster than iconv_strlen
* Note: this function does not count bad UTF-8 bytes in the string
* - these are simply ignored
* @author <chernyshevsky at hotmail dot com>
* @link http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.strlen.php
* @link http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.utf8-decode.php
* @param string UTF-8 string
* @return int number of UTF-8 characters in string
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
function utf8_strlen($str){
return strlen(utf8_decode($str));
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* UTF-8 aware alternative to strpos
* Find position of first occurrence of a string
* Note: This will get alot slower if offset is used
* Note: requires utf8_strlen amd utf8_substr to be loaded
* @param string haystack
* @param string needle (you should validate this with utf8_is_valid)
* @param integer offset in characters (from left)
* @return mixed integer position or FALSE on failure
* @see http://www.php.net/strpos
* @see utf8_strlen
* @see utf8_substr
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
function utf8_strpos($str, $needle, $offset = NULL) {
if ( is_null($offset) ) {
$ar = explode($needle, $str, 2);
if ( count($ar) > 1 ) {
return utf8_strlen($ar[0]);
}
return FALSE;
} else {
if ( !is_int($offset) ) {
trigger_error('utf8_strpos: Offset must be an integer',E_USER_ERROR);
return FALSE;
}
$str = utf8_substr($str, $offset);
if ( FALSE !== ( $pos = utf8_strpos($str, $needle) ) ) {
return $pos + $offset;
}
return FALSE;
}
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* UTF-8 aware alternative to strrpos
* Find position of last occurrence of a char in a string
* Note: This will get alot slower if offset is used
* Note: requires utf8_substr and utf8_strlen to be loaded
* @param string haystack
* @param string needle (you should validate this with utf8_is_valid)
* @param integer (optional) offset (from left)
* @return mixed integer position or FALSE on failure
* @see http://www.php.net/strrpos
* @see utf8_substr
* @see utf8_strlen
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
function utf8_strrpos($str, $needle, $offset = NULL) {
if ( is_null($offset) ) {
$ar = explode($needle, $str);
if ( count($ar) > 1 ) {
// Pop off the end of the string where the last match was made
array_pop($ar);
$str = join($needle,$ar);
return utf8_strlen($str);
}
return FALSE;
} else {
if ( !is_int($offset) ) {
trigger_error('utf8_strrpos expects parameter 3 to be long',E_USER_WARNING);
return FALSE;
}
$str = utf8_substr($str, $offset);
if ( FALSE !== ( $pos = utf8_strrpos($str, $needle) ) ) {
return $pos + $offset;
}
return FALSE;
}
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* UTF-8 aware alternative to substr
* Return part of a string given character offset (and optionally length)
*
* Note arguments: comparied to substr - if offset or length are
* not integers, this version will not complain but rather massages them
* into an integer.
*
* Note on returned values: substr documentation states false can be
* returned in some cases (e.g. offset > string length)
* mb_substr never returns false, it will return an empty string instead.
* This adopts the mb_substr approach
*
* Note on implementation: PCRE only supports repetitions of less than
* 65536, in order to accept up to MAXINT values for offset and length,
* we'll repeat a group of 65535 characters when needed.
*
* Note on implementation: calculating the number of characters in the
* string is a relatively expensive operation, so we only carry it out when
* necessary. It isn't necessary for +ve offsets and no specified length
*
* @author Chris Smith<chris@jalakai.co.uk>
* @param string
* @param integer number of UTF-8 characters offset (from left)
* @param integer (optional) length in UTF-8 characters from offset
* @return mixed string or FALSE if failure
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
function utf8_substr($str, $offset, $length = NULL) {
// generates E_NOTICE
// for PHP4 objects, but not PHP5 objects
$str = (string)$str;
$offset = (int)$offset;
if (!is_null($length)) $length = (int)$length;
// handle trivial cases
if ($length === 0) return '';
if ($offset < 0 && $length < 0 && $length < $offset)
return '';
// normalise negative offsets (we could use a tail
// anchored pattern, but they are horribly slow!)
if ($offset < 0) {
// see notes
$strlen = strlen(utf8_decode($str));
$offset = $strlen + $offset;
if ($offset < 0) $offset = 0;
}
$Op = '';
$Lp = '';
// establish a pattern for offset, a
// non-captured group equal in length to offset
if ($offset > 0) {
$Ox = (int)($offset/65535);
$Oy = $offset%65535;
if ($Ox) {
$Op = '(?:.{65535}){'.$Ox.'}';
}
$Op = '^(?:'.$Op.'.{'.$Oy.'})';
} else {
// offset == 0; just anchor the pattern
$Op = '^';
}
// establish a pattern for length
if (is_null($length)) {
// the rest of the string
$Lp = '(.*)$';
} else {
if (!isset($strlen)) {
// see notes
$strlen = strlen(utf8_decode($str));
}
// another trivial case
if ($offset > $strlen) return '';
if ($length > 0) {
// reduce any length that would
// go passed the end of the string
$length = min($strlen-$offset, $length);
$Lx = (int)( $length / 65535 );
$Ly = $length % 65535;
// negative length requires a captured group
// of length characters
if ($Lx) $Lp = '(?:.{65535}){'.$Lx.'}';
$Lp = '('.$Lp.'.{'.$Ly.'})';
} else if ($length < 0) {
if ( $length < ($offset - $strlen) ) {
return '';
}
$Lx = (int)((-$length)/65535);
$Ly = (-$length)%65535;
// negative length requires ... capture everything
// except a group of -length characters
// anchored at the tail-end of the string
if ($Lx) $Lp = '(?:.{65535}){'.$Lx.'}';
$Lp = '(.*)(?:'.$Lp.'.{'.$Ly.'})$';
}
}
if (!preg_match( '#'.$Op.$Lp.'#us',$str, $match )) {
return '';
}
return $match[1];
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* UTF-8 aware alternative to strtolower
* Make a string lowercase
* Note: The concept of a characters "case" only exists is some alphabets
* such as Latin, Greek, Cyrillic, Armenian and archaic Georgian - it does
* not exist in the Chinese alphabet, for example. See Unicode Standard
* Annex #21: Case Mappings
* Note: requires utf8_to_unicode and utf8_from_unicode
* @author Andreas Gohr <andi@splitbrain.org>
* @param string
* @return mixed either string in lowercase or FALSE is UTF-8 invalid
* @see http://www.php.net/strtolower
* @see utf8_to_unicode
* @see utf8_from_unicode
* @see http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr21/tr21-5.html
* @see http://dev.splitbrain.org/view/darcs/dokuwiki/inc/utf8.php
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
function utf8_strtolower($string){
static $UTF8_UPPER_TO_LOWER = NULL;
if ( is_null($UTF8_UPPER_TO_LOWER) ) {
$UTF8_UPPER_TO_LOWER = array(
0x0041=>0x0061, 0x03A6=>0x03C6, 0x0162=>0x0163, 0x00C5=>0x00E5, 0x0042=>0x0062,
0x0139=>0x013A, 0x00C1=>0x00E1, 0x0141=>0x0142, 0x038E=>0x03CD, 0x0100=>0x0101,
0x0490=>0x0491, 0x0394=>0x03B4, 0x015A=>0x015B, 0x0044=>0x0064, 0x0393=>0x03B3,
0x00D4=>0x00F4, 0x042A=>0x044A, 0x0419=>0x0439, 0x0112=>0x0113, 0x041C=>0x043C,
0x015E=>0x015F, 0x0143=>0x0144, 0x00CE=>0x00EE, 0x040E=>0x045E, 0x042F=>0x044F,
0x039A=>0x03BA, 0x0154=>0x0155, 0x0049=>0x0069, 0x0053=>0x0073, 0x1E1E=>0x1E1F,
0x0134=>0x0135, 0x0427=>0x0447, 0x03A0=>0x03C0, 0x0418=>0x0438, 0x00D3=>0x00F3,
0x0420=>0x0440, 0x0404=>0x0454, 0x0415=>0x0435, 0x0429=>0x0449, 0x014A=>0x014B,
0x0411=>0x0431, 0x0409=>0x0459, 0x1E02=>0x1E03, 0x00D6=>0x00F6, 0x00D9=>0x00F9,
0x004E=>0x006E, 0x0401=>0x0451, 0x03A4=>0x03C4, 0x0423=>0x0443, 0x015C=>0x015D,
0x0403=>0x0453, 0x03A8=>0x03C8, 0x0158=>0x0159, 0x0047=>0x0067, 0x00C4=>0x00E4,
0x0386=>0x03AC, 0x0389=>0x03AE, 0x0166=>0x0167, 0x039E=>0x03BE, 0x0164=>0x0165,
0x0116=>0x0117, 0x0108=>0x0109, 0x0056=>0x0076, 0x00DE=>0x00FE, 0x0156=>0x0157,
0x00DA=>0x00FA, 0x1E60=>0x1E61, 0x1E82=>0x1E83, 0x00C2=>0x00E2, 0x0118=>0x0119,
0x0145=>0x0146, 0x0050=>0x0070, 0x0150=>0x0151, 0x042E=>0x044E, 0x0128=>0x0129,
0x03A7=>0x03C7, 0x013D=>0x013E, 0x0422=>0x0442, 0x005A=>0x007A, 0x0428=>0x0448,
0x03A1=>0x03C1, 0x1E80=>0x1E81, 0x016C=>0x016D, 0x00D5=>0x00F5, 0x0055=>0x0075,
0x0176=>0x0177, 0x00DC=>0x00FC, 0x1E56=>0x1E57, 0x03A3=>0x03C3, 0x041A=>0x043A,
0x004D=>0x006D, 0x016A=>0x016B, 0x0170=>0x0171, 0x0424=>0x0444, 0x00CC=>0x00EC,
0x0168=>0x0169, 0x039F=>0x03BF, 0x004B=>0x006B, 0x00D2=>0x00F2, 0x00C0=>0x00E0,
0x0414=>0x0434, 0x03A9=>0x03C9, 0x1E6A=>0x1E6B, 0x00C3=>0x00E3, 0x042D=>0x044D,
0x0416=>0x0436, 0x01A0=>0x01A1, 0x010C=>0x010D, 0x011C=>0x011D, 0x00D0=>0x00F0,
0x013B=>0x013C, 0x040F=>0x045F, 0x040A=>0x045A, 0x00C8=>0x00E8, 0x03A5=>0x03C5,
0x0046=>0x0066, 0x00DD=>0x00FD, 0x0043=>0x0063, 0x021A=>0x021B, 0x00CA=>0x00EA,
0x0399=>0x03B9, 0x0179=>0x017A, 0x00CF=>0x00EF, 0x01AF=>0x01B0, 0x0045=>0x0065,
0x039B=>0x03BB, 0x0398=>0x03B8, 0x039C=>0x03BC, 0x040C=>0x045C, 0x041F=>0x043F,
0x042C=>0x044C, 0x00DE=>0x00FE, 0x00D0=>0x00F0, 0x1EF2=>0x1EF3, 0x0048=>0x0068,
0x00CB=>0x00EB, 0x0110=>0x0111, 0x0413=>0x0433, 0x012E=>0x012F, 0x00C6=>0x00E6,
0x0058=>0x0078, 0x0160=>0x0161, 0x016E=>0x016F, 0x0391=>0x03B1, 0x0407=>0x0457,
0x0172=>0x0173, 0x0178=>0x00FF, 0x004F=>0x006F, 0x041B=>0x043B, 0x0395=>0x03B5,
0x0425=>0x0445, 0x0120=>0x0121, 0x017D=>0x017E, 0x017B=>0x017C, 0x0396=>0x03B6,
0x0392=>0x03B2, 0x0388=>0x03AD, 0x1E84=>0x1E85, 0x0174=>0x0175, 0x0051=>0x0071,
0x0417=>0x0437, 0x1E0A=>0x1E0B, 0x0147=>0x0148, 0x0104=>0x0105, 0x0408=>0x0458,
0x014C=>0x014D, 0x00CD=>0x00ED, 0x0059=>0x0079, 0x010A=>0x010B, 0x038F=>0x03CE,
0x0052=>0x0072, 0x0410=>0x0430, 0x0405=>0x0455, 0x0402=>0x0452, 0x0126=>0x0127,
0x0136=>0x0137, 0x012A=>0x012B, 0x038A=>0x03AF, 0x042B=>0x044B, 0x004C=>0x006C,
0x0397=>0x03B7, 0x0124=>0x0125, 0x0218=>0x0219, 0x00DB=>0x00FB, 0x011E=>0x011F,
0x041E=>0x043E, 0x1E40=>0x1E41, 0x039D=>0x03BD, 0x0106=>0x0107, 0x03AB=>0x03CB,
0x0426=>0x0446, 0x00DE=>0x00FE, 0x00C7=>0x00E7, 0x03AA=>0x03CA, 0x0421=>0x0441,
0x0412=>0x0432, 0x010E=>0x010F, 0x00D8=>0x00F8, 0x0057=>0x0077, 0x011A=>0x011B,
0x0054=>0x0074, 0x004A=>0x006A, 0x040B=>0x045B, 0x0406=>0x0456, 0x0102=>0x0103,
0x039B=>0x03BB, 0x00D1=>0x00F1, 0x041D=>0x043D, 0x038C=>0x03CC, 0x00C9=>0x00E9,
0x00D0=>0x00F0, 0x0407=>0x0457, 0x0122=>0x0123,
);
}
$uni = utf8_to_unicode($string);
if ( !$uni ) {
return FALSE;
}
$cnt = count($uni);
for ($i=0; $i < $cnt; $i++){
if ( isset($UTF8_UPPER_TO_LOWER[$uni[$i]]) ) {
$uni[$i] = $UTF8_UPPER_TO_LOWER[$uni[$i]];
}
}
return utf8_from_unicode($uni);
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* UTF-8 aware alternative to strtoupper
* Make a string uppercase
* Note: The concept of a characters "case" only exists is some alphabets
* such as Latin, Greek, Cyrillic, Armenian and archaic Georgian - it does
* not exist in the Chinese alphabet, for example. See Unicode Standard
* Annex #21: Case Mappings
* Note: requires utf8_to_unicode and utf8_from_unicode
* @author Andreas Gohr <andi@splitbrain.org>
* @param string
* @return mixed either string in lowercase or FALSE is UTF-8 invalid
* @see http://www.php.net/strtoupper
* @see utf8_to_unicode
* @see utf8_from_unicode
* @see http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr21/tr21-5.html
* @see http://dev.splitbrain.org/view/darcs/dokuwiki/inc/utf8.php
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
function utf8_strtoupper($string){
static $UTF8_LOWER_TO_UPPER = NULL;
if ( is_null($UTF8_LOWER_TO_UPPER) ) {
$UTF8_LOWER_TO_UPPER = array(
0x0061=>0x0041, 0x03C6=>0x03A6, 0x0163=>0x0162, 0x00E5=>0x00C5, 0x0062=>0x0042,
0x013A=>0x0139, 0x00E1=>0x00C1, 0x0142=>0x0141, 0x03CD=>0x038E, 0x0101=>0x0100,
0x0491=>0x0490, 0x03B4=>0x0394, 0x015B=>0x015A, 0x0064=>0x0044, 0x03B3=>0x0393,
0x00F4=>0x00D4, 0x044A=>0x042A, 0x0439=>0x0419, 0x0113=>0x0112, 0x043C=>0x041C,
0x015F=>0x015E, 0x0144=>0x0143, 0x00EE=>0x00CE, 0x045E=>0x040E, 0x044F=>0x042F,
0x03BA=>0x039A, 0x0155=>0x0154, 0x0069=>0x0049, 0x0073=>0x0053, 0x1E1F=>0x1E1E,
0x0135=>0x0134, 0x0447=>0x0427, 0x03C0=>0x03A0, 0x0438=>0x0418, 0x00F3=>0x00D3,
0x0440=>0x0420, 0x0454=>0x0404, 0x0435=>0x0415, 0x0449=>0x0429, 0x014B=>0x014A,
0x0431=>0x0411, 0x0459=>0x0409, 0x1E03=>0x1E02, 0x00F6=>0x00D6, 0x00F9=>0x00D9,
0x006E=>0x004E, 0x0451=>0x0401, 0x03C4=>0x03A4, 0x0443=>0x0423, 0x015D=>0x015C,
0x0453=>0x0403, 0x03C8=>0x03A8, 0x0159=>0x0158, 0x0067=>0x0047, 0x00E4=>0x00C4,
0x03AC=>0x0386, 0x03AE=>0x0389, 0x0167=>0x0166, 0x03BE=>0x039E, 0x0165=>0x0164,
0x0117=>0x0116, 0x0109=>0x0108, 0x0076=>0x0056, 0x00FE=>0x00DE, 0x0157=>0x0156,
0x00FA=>0x00DA, 0x1E61=>0x1E60, 0x1E83=>0x1E82, 0x00E2=>0x00C2, 0x0119=>0x0118,
0x0146=>0x0145, 0x0070=>0x0050, 0x0151=>0x0150, 0x044E=>0x042E, 0x0129=>0x0128,
0x03C7=>0x03A7, 0x013E=>0x013D, 0x0442=>0x0422, 0x007A=>0x005A, 0x0448=>0x0428,
0x03C1=>0x03A1, 0x1E81=>0x1E80, 0x016D=>0x016C, 0x00F5=>0x00D5, 0x0075=>0x0055,
0x0177=>0x0176, 0x00FC=>0x00DC, 0x1E57=>0x1E56, 0x03C3=>0x03A3, 0x043A=>0x041A,
0x006D=>0x004D, 0x016B=>0x016A, 0x0171=>0x0170, 0x0444=>0x0424, 0x00EC=>0x00CC,
0x0169=>0x0168, 0x03BF=>0x039F, 0x006B=>0x004B, 0x00F2=>0x00D2, 0x00E0=>0x00C0,
0x0434=>0x0414, 0x03C9=>0x03A9, 0x1E6B=>0x1E6A, 0x00E3=>0x00C3, 0x044D=>0x042D,
0x0436=>0x0416, 0x01A1=>0x01A0, 0x010D=>0x010C, 0x011D=>0x011C, 0x00F0=>0x00D0,
0x013C=>0x013B, 0x045F=>0x040F, 0x045A=>0x040A, 0x00E8=>0x00C8, 0x03C5=>0x03A5,
0x0066=>0x0046, 0x00FD=>0x00DD, 0x0063=>0x0043, 0x021B=>0x021A, 0x00EA=>0x00CA,
0x03B9=>0x0399, 0x017A=>0x0179, 0x00EF=>0x00CF, 0x01B0=>0x01AF, 0x0065=>0x0045,
0x03BB=>0x039B, 0x03B8=>0x0398, 0x03BC=>0x039C, 0x045C=>0x040C, 0x043F=>0x041F,
0x044C=>0x042C, 0x00FE=>0x00DE, 0x00F0=>0x00D0, 0x1EF3=>0x1EF2, 0x0068=>0x0048,
0x00EB=>0x00CB, 0x0111=>0x0110, 0x0433=>0x0413, 0x012F=>0x012E, 0x00E6=>0x00C6,
0x0078=>0x0058, 0x0161=>0x0160, 0x016F=>0x016E, 0x03B1=>0x0391, 0x0457=>0x0407,
0x0173=>0x0172, 0x00FF=>0x0178, 0x006F=>0x004F, 0x043B=>0x041B, 0x03B5=>0x0395,
0x0445=>0x0425, 0x0121=>0x0120, 0x017E=>0x017D, 0x017C=>0x017B, 0x03B6=>0x0396,
0x03B2=>0x0392, 0x03AD=>0x0388, 0x1E85=>0x1E84, 0x0175=>0x0174, 0x0071=>0x0051,
0x0437=>0x0417, 0x1E0B=>0x1E0A, 0x0148=>0x0147, 0x0105=>0x0104, 0x0458=>0x0408,
0x014D=>0x014C, 0x00ED=>0x00CD, 0x0079=>0x0059, 0x010B=>0x010A, 0x03CE=>0x038F,
0x0072=>0x0052, 0x0430=>0x0410, 0x0455=>0x0405, 0x0452=>0x0402, 0x0127=>0x0126,
0x0137=>0x0136, 0x012B=>0x012A, 0x03AF=>0x038A, 0x044B=>0x042B, 0x006C=>0x004C,
0x03B7=>0x0397, 0x0125=>0x0124, 0x0219=>0x0218, 0x00FB=>0x00DB, 0x011F=>0x011E,
0x043E=>0x041E, 0x1E41=>0x1E40, 0x03BD=>0x039D, 0x0107=>0x0106, 0x03CB=>0x03AB,
0x0446=>0x0426, 0x00FE=>0x00DE, 0x00E7=>0x00C7, 0x03CA=>0x03AA, 0x0441=>0x0421,
0x0432=>0x0412, 0x010F=>0x010E, 0x00F8=>0x00D8, 0x0077=>0x0057, 0x011B=>0x011A,
0x0074=>0x0054, 0x006A=>0x004A, 0x045B=>0x040B, 0x0456=>0x0406, 0x0103=>0x0102,
0x03BB=>0x039B, 0x00F1=>0x00D1, 0x043D=>0x041D, 0x03CC=>0x038C, 0x00E9=>0x00C9,
0x00F0=>0x00D0, 0x0457=>0x0407, 0x0123=>0x0122,
);
}
$uni = utf8_to_unicode($string);
if ( !$uni ) {
return FALSE;
}
$cnt = count($uni);
for ($i=0; $i < $cnt; $i++){
if( isset($UTF8_LOWER_TO_UPPER[$uni[$i]]) ) {
$uni[$i] = $UTF8_LOWER_TO_UPPER[$uni[$i]];
}
}
return utf8_from_unicode($uni);
}

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<!DOCTYPE html><title></title>

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<?php
/**
* @version $Id$
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
//---------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* UTF-8 aware alternative to ord
* Returns the unicode ordinal for a character
* @param string UTF-8 encoded character
* @return int unicode ordinal for the character
* @see http://www.php.net/ord
* @see http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.ord.php#46267
*/
function utf8_ord($chr) {
$ord0 = ord($chr);
if ( $ord0 >= 0 && $ord0 <= 127 ) {
return $ord0;
}
if ( !isset($chr{1}) ) {
trigger_error('Short sequence - at least 2 bytes expected, only 1 seen');
return FALSE;
}
$ord1 = ord($chr{1});
if ( $ord0 >= 192 && $ord0 <= 223 ) {
return ( $ord0 - 192 ) * 64
+ ( $ord1 - 128 );
}
if ( !isset($chr{2}) ) {
trigger_error('Short sequence - at least 3 bytes expected, only 2 seen');
return FALSE;
}
$ord2 = ord($chr{2});
if ( $ord0 >= 224 && $ord0 <= 239 ) {
return ($ord0-224)*4096
+ ($ord1-128)*64
+ ($ord2-128);
}
if ( !isset($chr{3}) ) {
trigger_error('Short sequence - at least 4 bytes expected, only 3 seen');
return FALSE;
}
$ord3 = ord($chr{3});
if ($ord0>=240 && $ord0<=247) {
return ($ord0-240)*262144
+ ($ord1-128)*4096
+ ($ord2-128)*64
+ ($ord3-128);
}
if ( !isset($chr{4}) ) {
trigger_error('Short sequence - at least 5 bytes expected, only 4 seen');
return FALSE;
}
$ord4 = ord($chr{4});
if ($ord0>=248 && $ord0<=251) {
return ($ord0-248)*16777216
+ ($ord1-128)*262144
+ ($ord2-128)*4096
+ ($ord3-128)*64
+ ($ord4-128);
}
if ( !isset($chr{5}) ) {
trigger_error('Short sequence - at least 6 bytes expected, only 5 seen');
return FALSE;
}
if ($ord0>=252 && $ord0<=253) {
return ($ord0-252) * 1073741824
+ ($ord1-128)*16777216
+ ($ord2-128)*262144
+ ($ord3-128)*4096
+ ($ord4-128)*64
+ (ord($chr{5})-128);
}
if ( $ord0 >= 254 && $ord0 <= 255 ) {
trigger_error('Invalid UTF-8 with surrogate ordinal '.$ord0);
return FALSE;
}
}

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<?php
/**
* @version $Id$
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
//---------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* UTF-8 aware alternative to str_ireplace
* Case-insensitive version of str_replace
* Note: requires utf8_strtolower
* Note: it's not fast and gets slower if $search / $replace is array
* Notes: it's based on the assumption that the lower and uppercase
* versions of a UTF-8 character will have the same length in bytes
* which is currently true given the hash table to strtolower
* @param string
* @return string
* @see http://www.php.net/str_ireplace
* @see utf8_strtolower
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
function utf8_ireplace($search, $replace, $str, $count = NULL){
if ( !is_array($search) ) {
$slen = strlen($search);
if ( $slen == 0 ) {
return $str;
}
$lendif = strlen($replace) - strlen($search);
$search = utf8_strtolower($search);
$search = preg_quote($search, '/');
$lstr = utf8_strtolower($str);
$i = 0;
$matched = 0;
while ( preg_match('/(.*)'.$search.'/Us',$lstr, $matches) ) {
if ( $i === $count ) {
break;
}
$mlen = strlen($matches[0]);
$lstr = substr($lstr, $mlen);
$str = substr_replace($str, $replace, $matched+strlen($matches[1]), $slen);
$matched += $mlen + $lendif;
$i++;
}
return $str;
} else {
foreach ( array_keys($search) as $k ) {
if ( is_array($replace) ) {
if ( array_key_exists($k,$replace) ) {
$str = utf8_ireplace($search[$k], $replace[$k], $str, $count);
} else {
$str = utf8_ireplace($search[$k], '', $str, $count);
}
} else {
$str = utf8_ireplace($search[$k], $replace, $str, $count);
}
}
return $str;
}
}

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<?php
/**
* @version $Id$
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
//---------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Replacement for str_pad. $padStr may contain multi-byte characters.
*
* @author Oliver Saunders <oliver (a) osinternetservices.com>
* @param string $input
* @param int $length
* @param string $padStr
* @param int $type ( same constants as str_pad )
* @return string
* @see http://www.php.net/str_pad
* @see utf8_substr
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
function utf8_str_pad($input, $length, $padStr = ' ', $type = STR_PAD_RIGHT) {
$inputLen = utf8_strlen($input);
if ($length <= $inputLen) {
return $input;
}
$padStrLen = utf8_strlen($padStr);
$padLen = $length - $inputLen;
if ($type == STR_PAD_RIGHT) {
$repeatTimes = ceil($padLen / $padStrLen);
return utf8_substr($input . str_repeat($padStr, $repeatTimes), 0, $length);
}
if ($type == STR_PAD_LEFT) {
$repeatTimes = ceil($padLen / $padStrLen);
return utf8_substr(str_repeat($padStr, $repeatTimes), 0, floor($padLen)) . $input;
}
if ($type == STR_PAD_BOTH) {
$padLen/= 2;
$padAmountLeft = floor($padLen);
$padAmountRight = ceil($padLen);
$repeatTimesLeft = ceil($padAmountLeft / $padStrLen);
$repeatTimesRight = ceil($padAmountRight / $padStrLen);
$paddingLeft = utf8_substr(str_repeat($padStr, $repeatTimesLeft), 0, $padAmountLeft);
$paddingRight = utf8_substr(str_repeat($padStr, $repeatTimesRight), 0, $padAmountLeft);
return $paddingLeft . $input . $paddingRight;
}
trigger_error('utf8_str_pad: Unknown padding type (' . $type . ')',E_USER_ERROR);
}

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<?php
/**
* @version $Id$
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
//---------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* UTF-8 aware alternative to str_split
* Convert a string to an array
* Note: requires utf8_strlen to be loaded
* @param string UTF-8 encoded
* @param int number to characters to split string by
* @return string characters in string reverses
* @see http://www.php.net/str_split
* @see utf8_strlen
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
function utf8_str_split($str, $split_len = 1) {
if ( !preg_match('/^[0-9]+$/',$split_len) || $split_len < 1 ) {
return FALSE;
}
$len = utf8_strlen($str);
if ( $len <= $split_len ) {
return array($str);
}
preg_match_all('/.{'.$split_len.'}|[^\x00]{1,'.$split_len.'}$/us', $str, $ar);
return $ar[0];
}

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<?php
/**
* @version $Id$
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
//---------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* UTF-8 aware alternative to strcasecmp
* A case insensivite string comparison
* Note: requires utf8_strtolower
* @param string
* @param string
* @return int
* @see http://www.php.net/strcasecmp
* @see utf8_strtolower
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
function utf8_strcasecmp($strX, $strY) {
$strX = utf8_strtolower($strX);
$strY = utf8_strtolower($strY);
return strcmp($strX, $strY);
}

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<?php
/**
* @version $Id$
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
//---------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* UTF-8 aware alternative to strcspn
* Find length of initial segment not matching mask
* Note: requires utf8_strlen and utf8_substr (if start, length are used)
* @param string
* @return int
* @see http://www.php.net/strcspn
* @see utf8_strlen
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
function utf8_strcspn($str, $mask, $start = NULL, $length = NULL) {
if ( empty($mask) || strlen($mask) == 0 ) {
return NULL;
}
$mask = preg_replace('!([\\\\\\-\\]\\[/^])!','\\\${1}',$mask);
if ( $start !== NULL || $length !== NULL ) {
$str = utf8_substr($str, $start, $length);
}
preg_match('/^[^'.$mask.']+/u',$str, $matches);
if ( isset($matches[0]) ) {
return utf8_strlen($matches[0]);
}
return 0;
}

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<?php
/**
* @version $Id$
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
//---------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* UTF-8 aware alternative to stristr
* Find first occurrence of a string using case insensitive comparison
* Note: requires utf8_strtolower
* @param string
* @param string
* @return int
* @see http://www.php.net/strcasecmp
* @see utf8_strtolower
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
function utf8_stristr($str, $search) {
if ( strlen($search) == 0 ) {
return $str;
}
$lstr = utf8_strtolower($str);
$lsearch = utf8_strtolower($search);
//JOOMLA SPECIFIC FIX - BEGIN
preg_match('/^(.*)'.preg_quote($lsearch, '/').'/Us',$lstr, $matches);
//JOOMLA SPECIFIC FIX - END
if ( count($matches) == 2 ) {
return substr($str, strlen($matches[1]));
}
return FALSE;
}

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<?php
/**
* @version $Id$
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
//---------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* UTF-8 aware alternative to strrev
* Reverse a string
* @param string UTF-8 encoded
* @return string characters in string reverses
* @see http://www.php.net/strrev
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
function utf8_strrev($str){
preg_match_all('/./us', $str, $ar);
return join('',array_reverse($ar[0]));
}

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<?php
/**
* @version $Id$
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
//---------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* UTF-8 aware alternative to strspn
* Find length of initial segment matching mask
* Note: requires utf8_strlen and utf8_substr (if start, length are used)
* @param string
* @return int
* @see http://www.php.net/strspn
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
function utf8_strspn($str, $mask, $start = NULL, $length = NULL) {
$mask = preg_replace('!([\\\\\\-\\]\\[/^])!','\\\${1}',$mask);
// Fix for $start but no $length argument.
if ($start !== null && $length === null) {
$length = utf8_strlen($str);
}
if ( $start !== NULL || $length !== NULL ) {
$str = utf8_substr($str, $start, $length);
}
preg_match('/^['.$mask.']+/u',$str, $matches);
if ( isset($matches[0]) ) {
return utf8_strlen($matches[0]);
}
return 0;
}

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<?php
/**
* @version $Id$
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
//---------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* UTF-8 aware substr_replace.
* Note: requires utf8_substr to be loaded
* @see http://www.php.net/substr_replace
* @see utf8_strlen
* @see utf8_substr
*/
function utf8_substr_replace($str, $repl, $start , $length = NULL ) {
preg_match_all('/./us', $str, $ar);
preg_match_all('/./us', $repl, $rar);
if( $length === NULL ) {
$length = utf8_strlen($str);
}
array_splice( $ar[0], $start, $length, $rar[0] );
return join('',$ar[0]);
}

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<?php
/**
* @version $Id$
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
//---------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* UTF-8 aware replacement for ltrim()
* Note: you only need to use this if you are supplying the charlist
* optional arg and it contains UTF-8 characters. Otherwise ltrim will
* work normally on a UTF-8 string
* @author Andreas Gohr <andi@splitbrain.org>
* @see http://www.php.net/ltrim
* @see http://dev.splitbrain.org/view/darcs/dokuwiki/inc/utf8.php
* @return string
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
function utf8_ltrim( $str, $charlist = FALSE ) {
if($charlist === FALSE) return ltrim($str);
//quote charlist for use in a characterclass
$charlist = preg_replace('!([\\\\\\-\\]\\[/^])!','\\\${1}',$charlist);
return preg_replace('/^['.$charlist.']+/u','',$str);
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* UTF-8 aware replacement for rtrim()
* Note: you only need to use this if you are supplying the charlist
* optional arg and it contains UTF-8 characters. Otherwise rtrim will
* work normally on a UTF-8 string
* @author Andreas Gohr <andi@splitbrain.org>
* @see http://www.php.net/rtrim
* @see http://dev.splitbrain.org/view/darcs/dokuwiki/inc/utf8.php
* @return string
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
function utf8_rtrim( $str, $charlist = FALSE ) {
if($charlist === FALSE) return rtrim($str);
//quote charlist for use in a characterclass
$charlist = preg_replace('!([\\\\\\-\\]\\[/^])!','\\\${1}',$charlist);
return preg_replace('/['.$charlist.']+$/u','',$str);
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* UTF-8 aware replacement for trim()
* Note: you only need to use this if you are supplying the charlist
* optional arg and it contains UTF-8 characters. Otherwise trim will
* work normally on a UTF-8 string
* @author Andreas Gohr <andi@splitbrain.org>
* @see http://www.php.net/trim
* @see http://dev.splitbrain.org/view/darcs/dokuwiki/inc/utf8.php
* @return string
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
function utf8_trim( $str, $charlist = FALSE ) {
if($charlist === FALSE) return trim($str);
return utf8_ltrim(utf8_rtrim($str, $charlist), $charlist);
}

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<?php
/**
* @version $Id$
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
//---------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* UTF-8 aware alternative to ucfirst
* Make a string's first character uppercase
* Note: requires utf8_strtoupper
* @param string
* @return string with first character as upper case (if applicable)
* @see http://www.php.net/ucfirst
* @see utf8_strtoupper
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
function utf8_ucfirst($str){
switch ( utf8_strlen($str) ) {
case 0:
return '';
break;
case 1:
return utf8_strtoupper($str);
break;
default:
preg_match('/^(.{1})(.*)$/us', $str, $matches);
return utf8_strtoupper($matches[1]).$matches[2];
break;
}
}

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<?php
/**
* @version $Id$
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
//---------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* UTF-8 aware alternative to ucwords
* Uppercase the first character of each word in a string
* Note: requires utf8_substr_replace and utf8_strtoupper
* @param string
* @return string with first char of each word uppercase
* @see http://www.php.net/ucwords
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
function utf8_ucwords($str) {
// Note: [\x0c\x09\x0b\x0a\x0d\x20] matches;
// form feeds, horizontal tabs, vertical tabs, linefeeds and carriage returns
// This corresponds to the definition of a "word" defined at http://www.php.net/ucwords
$pattern = '/(^|([\x0c\x09\x0b\x0a\x0d\x20]+))([^\x0c\x09\x0b\x0a\x0d\x20]{1})[^\x0c\x09\x0b\x0a\x0d\x20]*/u';
return preg_replace_callback($pattern, 'utf8_ucwords_callback',$str);
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Callback function for preg_replace_callback call in utf8_ucwords
* You don't need to call this yourself
* @param array of matches corresponding to a single word
* @return string with first char of the word in uppercase
* @see utf8_ucwords
* @see utf8_strtoupper
* @package utf8
* @subpackage strings
*/
function utf8_ucwords_callback($matches) {
$leadingws = $matches[2];
$ucfirst = utf8_strtoupper($matches[3]);
$ucword = utf8_substr_replace(ltrim($matches[0]),$ucfirst,0,1);
return $leadingws . $ucword;
}

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<?php
/**
* This is the dynamic loader for the library. It checks whether you have
* the mbstring extension available and includes relevant files
* on that basis, falling back to the native (as in written in PHP) version
* if mbstring is unavailabe.
*
* It's probably easiest to use this, if you don't want to understand
* the dependencies involved, in conjunction with PHP versions etc. At
* the same time, you might get better performance by managing loading
* yourself. The smartest way to do this, bearing in mind performance,
* is probably to "load on demand" - i.e. just before you use these
* functions in your code, load the version you need.
*
* It makes sure the the following functions are available;
* utf8_strlen, utf8_strpos, utf8_strrpos, utf8_substr,
* utf8_strtolower, utf8_strtoupper
* Other functions in the ./native directory depend on these
* six functions being available
* @package utf8
*/
/**
* Put the current directory in this constant
*/
if ( !defined('UTF8') ) {
define('UTF8',dirname(__FILE__));
}
/**
* If string overloading is active, it will break many of the
* native implementations. mbstring.func_overload must be set
* to 0, 1 or 4 in php.ini (string overloading disabled).
* Also need to check we have the correct internal mbstring
* encoding
*/
if ( extension_loaded('mbstring')) {
if ( ini_get('mbstring.func_overload') & MB_OVERLOAD_STRING ) {
trigger_error('String functions are overloaded by mbstring',E_USER_ERROR);
}
mb_internal_encoding('UTF-8');
}
/**
* Check whether PCRE has been compiled with UTF-8 support
*/
$UTF8_ar = array();
if ( preg_match('/^.{1}$/u',"ñ",$UTF8_ar) != 1 ) {
trigger_error('PCRE is not compiled with UTF-8 support',E_USER_ERROR);
}
unset($UTF8_ar);
/**
* Load the smartest implementations of utf8_strpos, utf8_strrpos
* and utf8_substr
*/
if ( !defined('UTF8_CORE') ) {
if ( function_exists('mb_substr') ) {
require_once UTF8 . '/mbstring/core.php';
} else {
require_once UTF8 . '/utils/unicode.php';
require_once UTF8 . '/native/core.php';
}
}
/**
* Load the native implementation of utf8_substr_replace
*/
require_once UTF8 . '/substr_replace.php';
/**
* You should now be able to use all the other utf_* string functions
*/

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<?php
/**
* Tools to help with ASCII in UTF-8
* @version $Id$
* @package utf8
* @subpackage ascii
*/
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Tests whether a string contains only 7bit ASCII bytes.
* You might use this to conditionally check whether a string
* needs handling as UTF-8 or not, potentially offering performance
* benefits by using the native PHP equivalent if it's just ASCII e.g.;
*
* <code>
* if ( utf8_is_ascii($someString) ) {
* // It's just ASCII - use the native PHP version
* $someString = strtolower($someString);
* } else {
* $someString = utf8_strtolower($someString);
* }
* </code>
*
* @param string
* @return boolean TRUE if it's all ASCII
* @package utf8
* @subpackage ascii
* @see utf8_is_ascii_ctrl
*/
function utf8_is_ascii($str) {
// Search for any bytes which are outside the ASCII range...
return (preg_match('/(?:[^\x00-\x7F])/',$str) !== 1);
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Tests whether a string contains only 7bit ASCII bytes with device
* control codes omitted. The device control codes can be found on the
* second table here: http://www.w3schools.com/tags/ref_ascii.asp
*
* @param string
* @return boolean TRUE if it's all ASCII without device control codes
* @package utf8
* @subpackage ascii
* @see utf8_is_ascii
*/
function utf8_is_ascii_ctrl($str) {
if ( strlen($str) > 0 ) {
// Search for any bytes which are outside the ASCII range,
// or are device control codes
return (preg_match('/[^\x09\x0A\x0D\x20-\x7E]/',$str) !== 1);
}
return FALSE;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Strip out all non-7bit ASCII bytes
* If you need to transmit a string to system which you know can only
* support 7bit ASCII, you could use this function.
* @param string
* @return string with non ASCII bytes removed
* @package utf8
* @subpackage ascii
* @see utf8_strip_non_ascii_ctrl
*/
function utf8_strip_non_ascii($str) {
ob_start();
while ( preg_match(
'/^([\x00-\x7F]+)|([^\x00-\x7F]+)/S',
$str, $matches) ) {
if ( !isset($matches[2]) ) {
echo $matches[0];
}
$str = substr($str, strlen($matches[0]));
}
$result = ob_get_contents();
ob_end_clean();
return $result;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Strip out device control codes in the ASCII range
* which are not permitted in XML. Note that this leaves
* multi-byte characters untouched - it only removes device
* control codes
* @see http://hsivonen.iki.fi/producing-xml/#controlchar
* @param string
* @return string control codes removed
*/
function utf8_strip_ascii_ctrl($str) {
ob_start();
while ( preg_match(
'/^([^\x00-\x08\x0B\x0C\x0E-\x1F\x7F]+)|([\x00-\x08\x0B\x0C\x0E-\x1F\x7F]+)/S',
$str, $matches) ) {
if ( !isset($matches[2]) ) {
echo $matches[0];
}
$str = substr($str, strlen($matches[0]));
}
$result = ob_get_contents();
ob_end_clean();
return $result;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Strip out all non 7bit ASCII bytes and ASCII device control codes.
* For a list of ASCII device control codes see the 2nd table here:
* http://www.w3schools.com/tags/ref_ascii.asp
*
* @param string
* @return boolean TRUE if it's all ASCII
* @package utf8
* @subpackage ascii
*/
function utf8_strip_non_ascii_ctrl($str) {
ob_start();
while ( preg_match(
'/^([\x09\x0A\x0D\x20-\x7E]+)|([^\x09\x0A\x0D\x20-\x7E]+)/S',
$str, $matches) ) {
if ( !isset($matches[2]) ) {
echo $matches[0];
}
$str = substr($str, strlen($matches[0]));
}
$result = ob_get_contents();
ob_end_clean();
return $result;
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Replace accented UTF-8 characters by unaccented ASCII-7 "equivalents".
* The purpose of this function is to replace characters commonly found in Latin
* alphabets with something more or less equivalent from the ASCII range. This can
* be useful for converting a UTF-8 to something ready for a filename, for example.
* Following the use of this function, you would probably also pass the string
* through utf8_strip_non_ascii to clean out any other non-ASCII chars
* Use the optional parameter to just deaccent lower ($case = -1) or upper ($case = 1)
* letters. Default is to deaccent both cases ($case = 0)
*
* For a more complete implementation of transliteration, see the utf8_to_ascii package
* available from the phputf8 project downloads:
* http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/phputf8
*
* @param string UTF-8 string
* @param int (optional) -1 lowercase only, +1 uppercase only, 1 both cases
* @param string UTF-8 with accented characters replaced by ASCII chars
* @return string accented chars replaced with ascii equivalents
* @author Andreas Gohr <andi@splitbrain.org>
* @package utf8
* @subpackage ascii
*/
function utf8_accents_to_ascii( $str, $case=0 ){
static $UTF8_LOWER_ACCENTS = NULL;
static $UTF8_UPPER_ACCENTS = NULL;
if($case <= 0){
if ( is_null($UTF8_LOWER_ACCENTS) ) {
$UTF8_LOWER_ACCENTS = array(
'à' => 'a', 'ô' => 'o', 'ď' => 'd', 'ḟ' => 'f', 'ë' => 'e', 'š' => 's', 'ơ' => 'o',
'ß' => 'ss', 'ă' => 'a', 'ř' => 'r', 'ț' => 't', 'ň' => 'n', 'ā' => 'a', 'ķ' => 'k',
'ŝ' => 's', 'ỳ' => 'y', 'ņ' => 'n', 'ĺ' => 'l', 'ħ' => 'h', 'ṗ' => 'p', 'ó' => 'o',
'ú' => 'u', 'ě' => 'e', 'é' => 'e', 'ç' => 'c', 'ẁ' => 'w', 'ċ' => 'c', 'õ' => 'o',
'ṡ' => 's', 'ø' => 'o', 'ģ' => 'g', 'ŧ' => 't', 'ș' => 's', 'ė' => 'e', 'ĉ' => 'c',
'ś' => 's', 'î' => 'i', 'ű' => 'u', 'ć' => 'c', 'ę' => 'e', 'ŵ' => 'w', 'ṫ' => 't',
'ū' => 'u', 'č' => 'c', 'ö' => 'oe', 'è' => 'e', 'ŷ' => 'y', 'ą' => 'a', 'ł' => 'l',
'ų' => 'u', 'ů' => 'u', 'ş' => 's', 'ğ' => 'g', 'ļ' => 'l', 'ƒ' => 'f', 'ž' => 'z',
'ẃ' => 'w', 'ḃ' => 'b', 'å' => 'a', 'ì' => 'i', 'ï' => 'i', 'ḋ' => 'd', 'ť' => 't',
'ŗ' => 'r', 'ä' => 'ae', 'í' => 'i', 'ŕ' => 'r', 'ê' => 'e', 'ü' => 'ue', 'ò' => 'o',
'ē' => 'e', 'ñ' => 'n', 'ń' => 'n', 'ĥ' => 'h', 'ĝ' => 'g', 'đ' => 'd', 'ĵ' => 'j',
'ÿ' => 'y', 'ũ' => 'u', 'ŭ' => 'u', 'ư' => 'u', 'ţ' => 't', 'ý' => 'y', 'ő' => 'o',
'â' => 'a', 'ľ' => 'l', 'ẅ' => 'w', 'ż' => 'z', 'ī' => 'i', 'ã' => 'a', 'ġ' => 'g',
'ṁ' => 'm', 'ō' => 'o', 'ĩ' => 'i', 'ù' => 'u', 'į' => 'i', 'ź' => 'z', 'á' => 'a',
'û' => 'u', 'þ' => 'th', 'ð' => 'dh', 'æ' => 'ae', 'µ' => 'u', 'ĕ' => 'e',
);
}
$str = str_replace(
array_keys($UTF8_LOWER_ACCENTS),
array_values($UTF8_LOWER_ACCENTS),
$str
);
}
if($case >= 0){
if ( is_null($UTF8_UPPER_ACCENTS) ) {
$UTF8_UPPER_ACCENTS = array(
'À' => 'A', 'Ô' => 'O', 'Ď' => 'D', 'Ḟ' => 'F', 'Ë' => 'E', 'Š' => 'S', 'Ơ' => 'O',
'Ă' => 'A', 'Ř' => 'R', 'Ț' => 'T', 'Ň' => 'N', 'Ā' => 'A', 'Ķ' => 'K',
'Ŝ' => 'S', 'Ỳ' => 'Y', 'Ņ' => 'N', 'Ĺ' => 'L', 'Ħ' => 'H', 'Ṗ' => 'P', 'Ó' => 'O',
'Ú' => 'U', 'Ě' => 'E', 'É' => 'E', 'Ç' => 'C', 'Ẁ' => 'W', 'Ċ' => 'C', 'Õ' => 'O',
'Ṡ' => 'S', 'Ø' => 'O', 'Ģ' => 'G', 'Ŧ' => 'T', 'Ș' => 'S', 'Ė' => 'E', 'Ĉ' => 'C',
'Ś' => 'S', 'Î' => 'I', 'Ű' => 'U', 'Ć' => 'C', 'Ę' => 'E', 'Ŵ' => 'W', 'Ṫ' => 'T',
'Ū' => 'U', 'Č' => 'C', 'Ö' => 'Oe', 'È' => 'E', 'Ŷ' => 'Y', 'Ą' => 'A', 'Ł' => 'L',
'Ų' => 'U', 'Ů' => 'U', 'Ş' => 'S', 'Ğ' => 'G', 'Ļ' => 'L', 'Ƒ' => 'F', 'Ž' => 'Z',
'Ẃ' => 'W', 'Ḃ' => 'B', 'Å' => 'A', 'Ì' => 'I', 'Ï' => 'I', 'Ḋ' => 'D', 'Ť' => 'T',
'Ŗ' => 'R', 'Ä' => 'Ae', 'Í' => 'I', 'Ŕ' => 'R', 'Ê' => 'E', 'Ü' => 'Ue', 'Ò' => 'O',
'Ē' => 'E', 'Ñ' => 'N', 'Ń' => 'N', 'Ĥ' => 'H', 'Ĝ' => 'G', 'Đ' => 'D', 'Ĵ' => 'J',
'Ÿ' => 'Y', 'Ũ' => 'U', 'Ŭ' => 'U', 'Ư' => 'U', 'Ţ' => 'T', 'Ý' => 'Y', 'Ő' => 'O',
'Â' => 'A', 'Ľ' => 'L', 'Ẅ' => 'W', 'Ż' => 'Z', 'Ī' => 'I', 'Ã' => 'A', 'Ġ' => 'G',
'Ṁ' => 'M', 'Ō' => 'O', 'Ĩ' => 'I', 'Ù' => 'U', 'Į' => 'I', 'Ź' => 'Z', 'Á' => 'A',
'Û' => 'U', 'Þ' => 'Th', 'Ð' => 'Dh', 'Æ' => 'Ae', 'Ĕ' => 'E',
);
}
$str = str_replace(
array_keys($UTF8_UPPER_ACCENTS),
array_values($UTF8_UPPER_ACCENTS),
$str
);
}
return $str;
}

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<?php
/**
* @version $Id$
* Tools for locating / replacing bad bytes in UTF-8 strings
* The Original Code is Mozilla Communicator client code.
* The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
* Netscape Communications Corporation.
* Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
* the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
* Ported to PHP by Henri Sivonen (http://hsivonen.iki.fi)
* Slight modifications to fit with phputf8 library by Harry Fuecks (hfuecks gmail com)
* @see http://lxr.mozilla.org/seamonkey/source/intl/uconv/src/nsUTF8ToUnicode.cpp
* @see http://lxr.mozilla.org/seamonkey/source/intl/uconv/src/nsUnicodeToUTF8.cpp
* @see http://hsivonen.iki.fi/php-utf8/
* @package utf8
* @subpackage bad
* @see utf8_is_valid
*/
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Locates the first bad byte in a UTF-8 string returning it's
* byte index in the string
* PCRE Pattern to locate bad bytes in a UTF-8 string
* Comes from W3 FAQ: Multilingual Forms
* Note: modified to include full ASCII range including control chars
* @see http://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-forms-utf-8
* @param string
* @return mixed integer byte index or FALSE if no bad found
* @package utf8
* @subpackage bad
*/
function utf8_bad_find($str) {
$UTF8_BAD =
'([\x00-\x7F]'. # ASCII (including control chars)
'|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]'. # non-overlong 2-byte
'|\xE0[\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]'. # excluding overlongs
'|[\xE1-\xEC\xEE\xEF][\x80-\xBF]{2}'. # straight 3-byte
'|\xED[\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]'. # excluding surrogates
'|\xF0[\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]{2}'. # planes 1-3
'|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF]{3}'. # planes 4-15
'|\xF4[\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF]{2}'. # plane 16
'|(.{1}))'; # invalid byte
$pos = 0;
$badList = array();
while (preg_match('/'.$UTF8_BAD.'/S', $str, $matches)) {
$bytes = strlen($matches[0]);
if ( isset($matches[2])) {
return $pos;
}
$pos += $bytes;
$str = substr($str,$bytes);
}
return FALSE;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Locates all bad bytes in a UTF-8 string and returns a list of their
* byte index in the string
* PCRE Pattern to locate bad bytes in a UTF-8 string
* Comes from W3 FAQ: Multilingual Forms
* Note: modified to include full ASCII range including control chars
* @see http://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-forms-utf-8
* @param string
* @return mixed array of integers or FALSE if no bad found
* @package utf8
* @subpackage bad
*/
function utf8_bad_findall($str) {
$UTF8_BAD =
'([\x00-\x7F]'. # ASCII (including control chars)
'|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]'. # non-overlong 2-byte
'|\xE0[\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]'. # excluding overlongs
'|[\xE1-\xEC\xEE\xEF][\x80-\xBF]{2}'. # straight 3-byte
'|\xED[\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]'. # excluding surrogates
'|\xF0[\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]{2}'. # planes 1-3
'|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF]{3}'. # planes 4-15
'|\xF4[\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF]{2}'. # plane 16
'|(.{1}))'; # invalid byte
$pos = 0;
$badList = array();
while (preg_match('/'.$UTF8_BAD.'/S', $str, $matches)) {
$bytes = strlen($matches[0]);
if ( isset($matches[2])) {
$badList[] = $pos;
}
$pos += $bytes;
$str = substr($str,$bytes);
}
if ( count($badList) > 0 ) {
return $badList;
}
return FALSE;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Strips out any bad bytes from a UTF-8 string and returns the rest
* PCRE Pattern to locate bad bytes in a UTF-8 string
* Comes from W3 FAQ: Multilingual Forms
* Note: modified to include full ASCII range including control chars
* @see http://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-forms-utf-8
* @param string
* @return string
* @package utf8
* @subpackage bad
*/
function utf8_bad_strip($str) {
$UTF8_BAD =
'([\x00-\x7F]'. # ASCII (including control chars)
'|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]'. # non-overlong 2-byte
'|\xE0[\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]'. # excluding overlongs
'|[\xE1-\xEC\xEE\xEF][\x80-\xBF]{2}'. # straight 3-byte
'|\xED[\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]'. # excluding surrogates
'|\xF0[\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]{2}'. # planes 1-3
'|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF]{3}'. # planes 4-15
'|\xF4[\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF]{2}'. # plane 16
'|(.{1}))'; # invalid byte
ob_start();
while (preg_match('/'.$UTF8_BAD.'/S', $str, $matches)) {
if ( !isset($matches[2])) {
echo $matches[0];
}
$str = substr($str,strlen($matches[0]));
}
$result = ob_get_contents();
ob_end_clean();
return $result;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Replace bad bytes with an alternative character - ASCII character
* recommended is replacement char
* PCRE Pattern to locate bad bytes in a UTF-8 string
* Comes from W3 FAQ: Multilingual Forms
* Note: modified to include full ASCII range including control chars
* @see http://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-forms-utf-8
* @param string to search
* @param string to replace bad bytes with (defaults to '?') - use ASCII
* @return string
* @package utf8
* @subpackage bad
*/
function utf8_bad_replace($str, $replace = '?') {
$UTF8_BAD =
'([\x00-\x7F]'. # ASCII (including control chars)
'|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]'. # non-overlong 2-byte
'|\xE0[\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]'. # excluding overlongs
'|[\xE1-\xEC\xEE\xEF][\x80-\xBF]{2}'. # straight 3-byte
'|\xED[\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]'. # excluding surrogates
'|\xF0[\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]{2}'. # planes 1-3
'|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF]{3}'. # planes 4-15
'|\xF4[\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF]{2}'. # plane 16
'|(.{1}))'; # invalid byte
ob_start();
while (preg_match('/'.$UTF8_BAD.'/S', $str, $matches)) {
if ( !isset($matches[2])) {
echo $matches[0];
} else {
echo $replace;
}
$str = substr($str,strlen($matches[0]));
}
$result = ob_get_contents();
ob_end_clean();
return $result;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Return code from utf8_bad_identify() when a five octet sequence is detected.
* Note: 5 octets sequences are valid UTF-8 but are not supported by Unicode so
* do not represent a useful character
* @see utf8_bad_identify
* @package utf8
* @subpackage bad
*/
define('UTF8_BAD_5OCTET',1);
/**
* Return code from utf8_bad_identify() when a six octet sequence is detected.
* Note: 6 octets sequences are valid UTF-8 but are not supported by Unicode so
* do not represent a useful character
* @see utf8_bad_identify
* @package utf8
* @subpackage bad
*/
define('UTF8_BAD_6OCTET',2);
/**
* Return code from utf8_bad_identify().
* Invalid octet for use as start of multi-byte UTF-8 sequence
* @see utf8_bad_identify
* @package utf8
* @subpackage bad
*/
define('UTF8_BAD_SEQID',3);
/**
* Return code from utf8_bad_identify().
* From Unicode 3.1, non-shortest form is illegal
* @see utf8_bad_identify
* @package utf8
* @subpackage bad
*/
define('UTF8_BAD_NONSHORT',4);
/**
* Return code from utf8_bad_identify().
* From Unicode 3.2, surrogate characters are illegal
* @see utf8_bad_identify
* @package utf8
* @subpackage bad
*/
define('UTF8_BAD_SURROGATE',5);
/**
* Return code from utf8_bad_identify().
* Codepoints outside the Unicode range are illegal
* @see utf8_bad_identify
* @package utf8
* @subpackage bad
*/
define('UTF8_BAD_UNIOUTRANGE',6);
/**
* Return code from utf8_bad_identify().
* Incomplete multi-octet sequence
* Note: this is kind of a "catch-all"
* @see utf8_bad_identify
* @package utf8
* @subpackage bad
*/
define('UTF8_BAD_SEQINCOMPLETE',7);
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Reports on the type of bad byte found in a UTF-8 string. Returns a
* status code on the first bad byte found
* @author <hsivonen@iki.fi>
* @param string UTF-8 encoded string
* @return mixed integer constant describing problem or FALSE if valid UTF-8
* @see utf8_bad_explain
* @see http://hsivonen.iki.fi/php-utf8/
* @package utf8
* @subpackage bad
*/
function utf8_bad_identify($str, &$i) {
$mState = 0; // cached expected number of octets after the current octet
// until the beginning of the next UTF8 character sequence
$mUcs4 = 0; // cached Unicode character
$mBytes = 1; // cached expected number of octets in the current sequence
$len = strlen($str);
for($i = 0; $i < $len; $i++) {
$in = ord($str{$i});
if ( $mState == 0) {
// When mState is zero we expect either a US-ASCII character or a
// multi-octet sequence.
if (0 == (0x80 & ($in))) {
// US-ASCII, pass straight through.
$mBytes = 1;
} else if (0xC0 == (0xE0 & ($in))) {
// First octet of 2 octet sequence
$mUcs4 = ($in);
$mUcs4 = ($mUcs4 & 0x1F) << 6;
$mState = 1;
$mBytes = 2;
} else if (0xE0 == (0xF0 & ($in))) {
// First octet of 3 octet sequence
$mUcs4 = ($in);
$mUcs4 = ($mUcs4 & 0x0F) << 12;
$mState = 2;
$mBytes = 3;
} else if (0xF0 == (0xF8 & ($in))) {
// First octet of 4 octet sequence
$mUcs4 = ($in);
$mUcs4 = ($mUcs4 & 0x07) << 18;
$mState = 3;
$mBytes = 4;
} else if (0xF8 == (0xFC & ($in))) {
/* First octet of 5 octet sequence.
*
* This is illegal because the encoded codepoint must be either
* (a) not the shortest form or
* (b) outside the Unicode range of 0-0x10FFFF.
*/
return UTF8_BAD_5OCTET;
} else if (0xFC == (0xFE & ($in))) {
// First octet of 6 octet sequence, see comments for 5 octet sequence.
return UTF8_BAD_6OCTET;
} else {
// Current octet is neither in the US-ASCII range nor a legal first
// octet of a multi-octet sequence.
return UTF8_BAD_SEQID;
}
} else {
// When mState is non-zero, we expect a continuation of the multi-octet
// sequence
if (0x80 == (0xC0 & ($in))) {
// Legal continuation.
$shift = ($mState - 1) * 6;
$tmp = $in;
$tmp = ($tmp & 0x0000003F) << $shift;
$mUcs4 |= $tmp;
/**
* End of the multi-octet sequence. mUcs4 now contains the final
* Unicode codepoint to be output
*/
if (0 == --$mState) {
// From Unicode 3.1, non-shortest form is illegal
if (((2 == $mBytes) && ($mUcs4 < 0x0080)) ||
((3 == $mBytes) && ($mUcs4 < 0x0800)) ||
((4 == $mBytes) && ($mUcs4 < 0x10000)) ) {
return UTF8_BAD_NONSHORT;
// From Unicode 3.2, surrogate characters are illegal
} else if (($mUcs4 & 0xFFFFF800) == 0xD800) {
return UTF8_BAD_SURROGATE;
// Codepoints outside the Unicode range are illegal
} else if ($mUcs4 > 0x10FFFF) {
return UTF8_BAD_UNIOUTRANGE;
}
//initialize UTF8 cache
$mState = 0;
$mUcs4 = 0;
$mBytes = 1;
}
} else {
// ((0xC0 & (*in) != 0x80) && (mState != 0))
// Incomplete multi-octet sequence.
$i--;
return UTF8_BAD_SEQINCOMPLETE;
}
}
}
if ( $mState != 0 ) {
// Incomplete multi-octet sequence.
$i--;
return UTF8_BAD_SEQINCOMPLETE;
}
// No bad octets found
$i = NULL;
return FALSE;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Takes a return code from utf8_bad_identify() are returns a message
* (in English) explaining what the problem is.
* @param int return code from utf8_bad_identify
* @return mixed string message or FALSE if return code unknown
* @see utf8_bad_identify
* @package utf8
* @subpackage bad
*/
function utf8_bad_explain($code) {
switch ($code) {
case UTF8_BAD_5OCTET:
return 'Five octet sequences are valid UTF-8 but are not supported by Unicode';
break;
case UTF8_BAD_6OCTET:
return 'Six octet sequences are valid UTF-8 but are not supported by Unicode';
break;
case UTF8_BAD_SEQID:
return 'Invalid octet for use as start of multi-byte UTF-8 sequence';
break;
case UTF8_BAD_NONSHORT:
return 'From Unicode 3.1, non-shortest form is illegal';
break;
case UTF8_BAD_SURROGATE:
return 'From Unicode 3.2, surrogate characters are illegal';
break;
case UTF8_BAD_UNIOUTRANGE:
return 'Codepoints outside the Unicode range are illegal';
break;
case UTF8_BAD_SEQINCOMPLETE:
return 'Incomplete multi-octet sequence';
break;
}
trigger_error('Unknown error code: '.$code,E_USER_WARNING);
return FALSE;
}

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<!DOCTYPE html><title></title>

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<?php
/**
* PCRE Regular expressions for UTF-8. Note this file is not actually used by
* the rest of the library but these regular expressions can be useful to have
* available.
* @version $Id$
* @see http://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-forms-utf-8
* @package utf8
* @subpackage patterns
*/
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* PCRE Pattern to check a UTF-8 string is valid
* Comes from W3 FAQ: Multilingual Forms
* Note: modified to include full ASCII range including control chars
* @see http://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-forms-utf-8
* @package utf8
* @subpackage patterns
*/
$UTF8_VALID = '^('.
'[\x00-\x7F]'. # ASCII (including control chars)
'|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]'. # non-overlong 2-byte
'|\xE0[\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]'. # excluding overlongs
'|[\xE1-\xEC\xEE\xEF][\x80-\xBF]{2}'. # straight 3-byte
'|\xED[\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]'. # excluding surrogates
'|\xF0[\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]{2}'. # planes 1-3
'|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF]{3}'. # planes 4-15
'|\xF4[\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF]{2}'. # plane 16
')*$';
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* PCRE Pattern to match single UTF-8 characters
* Comes from W3 FAQ: Multilingual Forms
* Note: modified to include full ASCII range including control chars
* @see http://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-forms-utf-8
* @package utf8
* @subpackage patterns
*/
$UTF8_MATCH =
'([\x00-\x7F])'. # ASCII (including control chars)
'|([\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF])'. # non-overlong 2-byte
'|(\xE0[\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])'. # excluding overlongs
'|([\xE1-\xEC\xEE\xEF][\x80-\xBF]{2})'. # straight 3-byte
'|(\xED[\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF])'. # excluding surrogates
'|(\xF0[\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]{2})'. # planes 1-3
'|([\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF]{3})'. # planes 4-15
'|(\xF4[\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF]{2})'; # plane 16
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* PCRE Pattern to locate bad bytes in a UTF-8 string
* Comes from W3 FAQ: Multilingual Forms
* Note: modified to include full ASCII range including control chars
* @see http://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-forms-utf-8
* @package utf8
* @subpackage patterns
*/
$UTF8_BAD =
'([\x00-\x7F]'. # ASCII (including control chars)
'|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]'. # non-overlong 2-byte
'|\xE0[\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]'. # excluding overlongs
'|[\xE1-\xEC\xEE\xEF][\x80-\xBF]{2}'. # straight 3-byte
'|\xED[\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]'. # excluding surrogates
'|\xF0[\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]{2}'. # planes 1-3
'|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF]{3}'. # planes 4-15
'|\xF4[\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF]{2}'. # plane 16
'|(.{1}))'; # invalid byte

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<?php
/**
* Locate a byte index given a UTF-8 character index
* @version $Id$
* @package utf8
* @subpackage position
*/
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Given a string and a character index in the string, in
* terms of the UTF-8 character position, returns the byte
* index of that character. Can be useful when you want to
* PHP's native string functions but we warned, locating
* the byte can be expensive
* Takes variable number of parameters - first must be
* the search string then 1 to n UTF-8 character positions
* to obtain byte indexes for - it is more efficient to search
* the string for multiple characters at once, than make
* repeated calls to this function
*
* @author Chris Smith<chris@jalakai.co.uk>
* @param string string to locate index in
* @param int (n times)
* @return mixed - int if only one input int, array if more
* @return boolean TRUE if it's all ASCII
* @package utf8
* @subpackage position
*/
function utf8_byte_position() {
$args = func_get_args();
$str =& array_shift($args);
if (!is_string($str)) return false;
$result = array();
// trivial byte index, character offset pair
$prev = array(0,0);
// use a short piece of str to estimate bytes per character
// $i (& $j) -> byte indexes into $str
$i = utf8_locate_next_chr($str, 300);
// $c -> character offset into $str
$c = strlen(utf8_decode(substr($str,0,$i)));
// deal with arguments from lowest to highest
sort($args);
foreach ($args as $offset) {
// sanity checks FIXME
// 0 is an easy check
if ($offset == 0) { $result[] = 0; continue; }
// ensure no endless looping
$safety_valve = 50;
do {
if ( ($c - $prev[1]) == 0 ) {
// Hack: gone past end of string
$error = 0;
$i = strlen($str);
break;
}
$j = $i + (int)(($offset-$c) * ($i - $prev[0]) / ($c - $prev[1]));
// correct to utf8 character boundary
$j = utf8_locate_next_chr($str, $j);
// save the index, offset for use next iteration
$prev = array($i,$c);
if ($j > $i) {
// determine new character offset
$c += strlen(utf8_decode(substr($str,$i,$j-$i)));
} else {
// ditto
$c -= strlen(utf8_decode(substr($str,$j,$i-$j)));
}
$error = abs($c-$offset);
// ready for next time around
$i = $j;
// from 7 it is faster to iterate over the string
} while ( ($error > 7) && --$safety_valve) ;
if ($error && $error <= 7) {
if ($c < $offset) {
// move up
while ($error--) { $i = utf8_locate_next_chr($str,++$i); }
} else {
// move down
while ($error--) { $i = utf8_locate_current_chr($str,--$i); }
}
// ready for next arg
$c = $offset;
}
$result[] = $i;
}
if ( count($result) == 1 ) {
return $result[0];
}
return $result;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Given a string and any byte index, returns the byte index
* of the start of the current UTF-8 character, relative to supplied
* position. If the current character begins at the same place as the
* supplied byte index, that byte index will be returned. Otherwise
* this function will step backwards, looking for the index where
* curent UTF-8 character begins
* @author Chris Smith<chris@jalakai.co.uk>
* @param string
* @param int byte index in the string
* @return int byte index of start of next UTF-8 character
* @package utf8
* @subpackage position
*/
function utf8_locate_current_chr( &$str, $idx ) {
if ($idx <= 0) return 0;
$limit = strlen($str);
if ($idx >= $limit) return $limit;
// Binary value for any byte after the first in a multi-byte UTF-8 character
// will be like 10xxxxxx so & 0xC0 can be used to detect this kind
// of byte - assuming well formed UTF-8
while ($idx && ((ord($str[$idx]) & 0xC0) == 0x80)) $idx--;
return $idx;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Given a string and any byte index, returns the byte index
* of the start of the next UTF-8 character, relative to supplied
* position. If the next character begins at the same place as the
* supplied byte index, that byte index will be returned.
* @author Chris Smith<chris@jalakai.co.uk>
* @param string
* @param int byte index in the string
* @return int byte index of start of next UTF-8 character
* @package utf8
* @subpackage position
*/
function utf8_locate_next_chr( &$str, $idx ) {
if ($idx <= 0) return 0;
$limit = strlen($str);
if ($idx >= $limit) return $limit;
// Binary value for any byte after the first in a multi-byte UTF-8 character
// will be like 10xxxxxx so & 0xC0 can be used to detect this kind
// of byte - assuming well formed UTF-8
while (($idx < $limit) && ((ord($str[$idx]) & 0xC0) == 0x80)) $idx++;
return $idx;
}

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<?php
/**
* Utilities for processing "special" characters in UTF-8. "Special" largely means anything which would
* be regarded as a non-word character, like ASCII control characters and punctuation. This has a "Roman"
* bias - it would be unaware of modern Chinese "punctuation" characters for example.
* Note: requires utils/unicode.php to be loaded
* @version $Id$
* @package utf8
* @subpackage utils
* @see utf8_is_valid
*/
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Used internally. Builds a PCRE pattern from the $UTF8_SPECIAL_CHARS
* array defined in this file
* The $UTF8_SPECIAL_CHARS should contain all special characters (non-letter/non-digit)
* defined in the various local charsets - it's not a complete list of
* non-alphanum characters in UTF-8. It's not perfect but should match most
* cases of special chars.
* This function adds the control chars 0x00 to 0x19 to the array of
* special chars (they are not included in $UTF8_SPECIAL_CHARS)
* @package utf8
* @subpackage utils
* @return string
* @see utf8_from_unicode
* @see utf8_is_word_chars
* @see utf8_strip_specials
*/
function utf8_specials_pattern() {
static $pattern = NULL;
if ( !$pattern ) {
$UTF8_SPECIAL_CHARS = array(
0x001a, 0x001b, 0x001c, 0x001d, 0x001e, 0x001f, 0x0020, 0x0021, 0x0022, 0x0023,
0x0024, 0x0025, 0x0026, 0x0027, 0x0028, 0x0029, 0x002a, 0x002b, 0x002c,
0x002f, 0x003b, 0x003c, 0x003d, 0x003e, 0x003f, 0x0040, 0x005b,
0x005c, 0x005d, 0x005e, 0x0060, 0x007b, 0x007c, 0x007d, 0x007e,
0x007f, 0x0080, 0x0081, 0x0082, 0x0083, 0x0084, 0x0085, 0x0086, 0x0087, 0x0088,
0x0089, 0x008a, 0x008b, 0x008c, 0x008d, 0x008e, 0x008f, 0x0090, 0x0091, 0x0092,
0x0093, 0x0094, 0x0095, 0x0096, 0x0097, 0x0098, 0x0099, 0x009a, 0x009b, 0x009c,
0x009d, 0x009e, 0x009f, 0x00a0, 0x00a1, 0x00a2, 0x00a3, 0x00a4, 0x00a5, 0x00a6,
0x00a7, 0x00a8, 0x00a9, 0x00aa, 0x00ab, 0x00ac, 0x00ad, 0x00ae, 0x00af, 0x00b0,
0x00b1, 0x00b2, 0x00b3, 0x00b4, 0x00b5, 0x00b6, 0x00b7, 0x00b8, 0x00b9, 0x00ba,
0x00bb, 0x00bc, 0x00bd, 0x00be, 0x00bf, 0x00d7, 0x00f7, 0x02c7, 0x02d8, 0x02d9,
0x02da, 0x02db, 0x02dc, 0x02dd, 0x0300, 0x0301, 0x0303, 0x0309, 0x0323, 0x0384,
0x0385, 0x0387, 0x03b2, 0x03c6, 0x03d1, 0x03d2, 0x03d5, 0x03d6, 0x05b0, 0x05b1,
0x05b2, 0x05b3, 0x05b4, 0x05b5, 0x05b6, 0x05b7, 0x05b8, 0x05b9, 0x05bb, 0x05bc,
0x05bd, 0x05be, 0x05bf, 0x05c0, 0x05c1, 0x05c2, 0x05c3, 0x05f3, 0x05f4, 0x060c,
0x061b, 0x061f, 0x0640, 0x064b, 0x064c, 0x064d, 0x064e, 0x064f, 0x0650, 0x0651,
0x0652, 0x066a, 0x0e3f, 0x200c, 0x200d, 0x200e, 0x200f, 0x2013, 0x2014, 0x2015,
0x2017, 0x2018, 0x2019, 0x201a, 0x201c, 0x201d, 0x201e, 0x2020, 0x2021, 0x2022,
0x2026, 0x2030, 0x2032, 0x2033, 0x2039, 0x203a, 0x2044, 0x20a7, 0x20aa, 0x20ab,
0x20ac, 0x2116, 0x2118, 0x2122, 0x2126, 0x2135, 0x2190, 0x2191, 0x2192, 0x2193,
0x2194, 0x2195, 0x21b5, 0x21d0, 0x21d1, 0x21d2, 0x21d3, 0x21d4, 0x2200, 0x2202,
0x2203, 0x2205, 0x2206, 0x2207, 0x2208, 0x2209, 0x220b, 0x220f, 0x2211, 0x2212,
0x2215, 0x2217, 0x2219, 0x221a, 0x221d, 0x221e, 0x2220, 0x2227, 0x2228, 0x2229,
0x222a, 0x222b, 0x2234, 0x223c, 0x2245, 0x2248, 0x2260, 0x2261, 0x2264, 0x2265,
0x2282, 0x2283, 0x2284, 0x2286, 0x2287, 0x2295, 0x2297, 0x22a5, 0x22c5, 0x2310,
0x2320, 0x2321, 0x2329, 0x232a, 0x2469, 0x2500, 0x2502, 0x250c, 0x2510, 0x2514,
0x2518, 0x251c, 0x2524, 0x252c, 0x2534, 0x253c, 0x2550, 0x2551, 0x2552, 0x2553,
0x2554, 0x2555, 0x2556, 0x2557, 0x2558, 0x2559, 0x255a, 0x255b, 0x255c, 0x255d,
0x255e, 0x255f, 0x2560, 0x2561, 0x2562, 0x2563, 0x2564, 0x2565, 0x2566, 0x2567,
0x2568, 0x2569, 0x256a, 0x256b, 0x256c, 0x2580, 0x2584, 0x2588, 0x258c, 0x2590,
0x2591, 0x2592, 0x2593, 0x25a0, 0x25b2, 0x25bc, 0x25c6, 0x25ca, 0x25cf, 0x25d7,
0x2605, 0x260e, 0x261b, 0x261e, 0x2660, 0x2663, 0x2665, 0x2666, 0x2701, 0x2702,
0x2703, 0x2704, 0x2706, 0x2707, 0x2708, 0x2709, 0x270c, 0x270d, 0x270e, 0x270f,
0x2710, 0x2711, 0x2712, 0x2713, 0x2714, 0x2715, 0x2716, 0x2717, 0x2718, 0x2719,
0x271a, 0x271b, 0x271c, 0x271d, 0x271e, 0x271f, 0x2720, 0x2721, 0x2722, 0x2723,
0x2724, 0x2725, 0x2726, 0x2727, 0x2729, 0x272a, 0x272b, 0x272c, 0x272d, 0x272e,
0x272f, 0x2730, 0x2731, 0x2732, 0x2733, 0x2734, 0x2735, 0x2736, 0x2737, 0x2738,
0x2739, 0x273a, 0x273b, 0x273c, 0x273d, 0x273e, 0x273f, 0x2740, 0x2741, 0x2742,
0x2743, 0x2744, 0x2745, 0x2746, 0x2747, 0x2748, 0x2749, 0x274a, 0x274b, 0x274d,
0x274f, 0x2750, 0x2751, 0x2752, 0x2756, 0x2758, 0x2759, 0x275a, 0x275b, 0x275c,
0x275d, 0x275e, 0x2761, 0x2762, 0x2763, 0x2764, 0x2765, 0x2766, 0x2767, 0x277f,
0x2789, 0x2793, 0x2794, 0x2798, 0x2799, 0x279a, 0x279b, 0x279c, 0x279d, 0x279e,
0x279f, 0x27a0, 0x27a1, 0x27a2, 0x27a3, 0x27a4, 0x27a5, 0x27a6, 0x27a7, 0x27a8,
0x27a9, 0x27aa, 0x27ab, 0x27ac, 0x27ad, 0x27ae, 0x27af, 0x27b1, 0x27b2, 0x27b3,
0x27b4, 0x27b5, 0x27b6, 0x27b7, 0x27b8, 0x27b9, 0x27ba, 0x27bb, 0x27bc, 0x27bd,
0x27be, 0xf6d9, 0xf6da, 0xf6db, 0xf8d7, 0xf8d8, 0xf8d9, 0xf8da, 0xf8db, 0xf8dc,
0xf8dd, 0xf8de, 0xf8df, 0xf8e0, 0xf8e1, 0xf8e2, 0xf8e3, 0xf8e4, 0xf8e5, 0xf8e6,
0xf8e7, 0xf8e8, 0xf8e9, 0xf8ea, 0xf8eb, 0xf8ec, 0xf8ed, 0xf8ee, 0xf8ef, 0xf8f0,
0xf8f1, 0xf8f2, 0xf8f3, 0xf8f4, 0xf8f5, 0xf8f6, 0xf8f7, 0xf8f8, 0xf8f9, 0xf8fa,
0xf8fb, 0xf8fc, 0xf8fd, 0xf8fe, 0xfe7c, 0xfe7d,
);
$pattern = preg_quote(utf8_from_unicode($UTF8_SPECIAL_CHARS), '/');
$pattern = '/[\x00-\x19'.$pattern.']/u';
}
return $pattern;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Checks a string for whether it contains only word characters. This
* is logically equivalent to the \w PCRE meta character. Note that
* this is not a 100% guarantee that the string only contains alpha /
* numeric characters but just that common non-alphanumeric are not
* in the string, including ASCII device control characters.
* @package utf8
* @subpackage utils
* @param string to check
* @return boolean TRUE if the string only contains word characters
* @see utf8_specials_pattern
*/
function utf8_is_word_chars($str) {
return !(bool)preg_match(utf8_specials_pattern(),$str);
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Removes special characters (nonalphanumeric) from a UTF-8 string
*
* This can be useful as a helper for sanitizing a string for use as
* something like a file name or a unique identifier. Be warned though
* it does not handle all possible non-alphanumeric characters and is
* not intended is some kind of security / injection filter.
*
* @package utf8
* @subpackage utils
* @author Andreas Gohr <andi@splitbrain.org>
* @param string $string The UTF8 string to strip of special chars
* @param string (optional) $repl Replace special with this string
* @return string with common non-alphanumeric characters removed
* @see utf8_specials_pattern
*/
function utf8_strip_specials($string, $repl=''){
return preg_replace(utf8_specials_pattern(), $repl, $string);
}

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<?php
/**
* @version $Id$
* Tools for conversion between UTF-8 and unicode
* The Original Code is Mozilla Communicator client code.
* The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
* Netscape Communications Corporation.
* Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
* the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
* Ported to PHP by Henri Sivonen (http://hsivonen.iki.fi)
* Slight modifications to fit with phputf8 library by Harry Fuecks (hfuecks gmail com)
* @see http://lxr.mozilla.org/seamonkey/source/intl/uconv/src/nsUTF8ToUnicode.cpp
* @see http://lxr.mozilla.org/seamonkey/source/intl/uconv/src/nsUnicodeToUTF8.cpp
* @see http://hsivonen.iki.fi/php-utf8/
* @package utf8
* @subpackage unicode
*/
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Takes an UTF-8 string and returns an array of ints representing the
* Unicode characters. Astral planes are supported ie. the ints in the
* output can be > 0xFFFF. Occurrances of the BOM are ignored. Surrogates
* are not allowed.
* Returns false if the input string isn't a valid UTF-8 octet sequence
* and raises a PHP error at level E_USER_WARNING
* Note: this function has been modified slightly in this library to
* trigger errors on encountering bad bytes
* @author <hsivonen@iki.fi>
* @param string UTF-8 encoded string
* @return mixed array of unicode code points or FALSE if UTF-8 invalid
* @see utf8_from_unicode
* @see http://hsivonen.iki.fi/php-utf8/
* @package utf8
* @subpackage unicode
*/
function utf8_to_unicode($str) {
$mState = 0; // cached expected number of octets after the current octet
// until the beginning of the next UTF8 character sequence
$mUcs4 = 0; // cached Unicode character
$mBytes = 1; // cached expected number of octets in the current sequence
$out = array();
$len = strlen($str);
for($i = 0; $i < $len; $i++) {
$in = ord($str{$i});
if ( $mState == 0) {
// When mState is zero we expect either a US-ASCII character or a
// multi-octet sequence.
if (0 == (0x80 & ($in))) {
// US-ASCII, pass straight through.
$out[] = $in;
$mBytes = 1;
} else if (0xC0 == (0xE0 & ($in))) {
// First octet of 2 octet sequence
$mUcs4 = ($in);
$mUcs4 = ($mUcs4 & 0x1F) << 6;
$mState = 1;
$mBytes = 2;
} else if (0xE0 == (0xF0 & ($in))) {
// First octet of 3 octet sequence
$mUcs4 = ($in);
$mUcs4 = ($mUcs4 & 0x0F) << 12;
$mState = 2;
$mBytes = 3;
} else if (0xF0 == (0xF8 & ($in))) {
// First octet of 4 octet sequence
$mUcs4 = ($in);
$mUcs4 = ($mUcs4 & 0x07) << 18;
$mState = 3;
$mBytes = 4;
} else if (0xF8 == (0xFC & ($in))) {
/* First octet of 5 octet sequence.
*
* This is illegal because the encoded codepoint must be either
* (a) not the shortest form or
* (b) outside the Unicode range of 0-0x10FFFF.
* Rather than trying to resynchronize, we will carry on until the end
* of the sequence and let the later error handling code catch it.
*/
$mUcs4 = ($in);
$mUcs4 = ($mUcs4 & 0x03) << 24;
$mState = 4;
$mBytes = 5;
} else if (0xFC == (0xFE & ($in))) {
// First octet of 6 octet sequence, see comments for 5 octet sequence.
$mUcs4 = ($in);
$mUcs4 = ($mUcs4 & 1) << 30;
$mState = 5;
$mBytes = 6;
} else {
/* Current octet is neither in the US-ASCII range nor a legal first
* octet of a multi-octet sequence.
*/
trigger_error(
'utf8_to_unicode: Illegal sequence identifier '.
'in UTF-8 at byte '.$i,
E_USER_WARNING
);
return FALSE;
}
} else {
// When mState is non-zero, we expect a continuation of the multi-octet
// sequence
if (0x80 == (0xC0 & ($in))) {
// Legal continuation.
$shift = ($mState - 1) * 6;
$tmp = $in;
$tmp = ($tmp & 0x0000003F) << $shift;
$mUcs4 |= $tmp;
/**
* End of the multi-octet sequence. mUcs4 now contains the final
* Unicode codepoint to be output
*/
if (0 == --$mState) {
/*
* Check for illegal sequences and codepoints.
*/
// From Unicode 3.1, non-shortest form is illegal
if (((2 == $mBytes) && ($mUcs4 < 0x0080)) ||
((3 == $mBytes) && ($mUcs4 < 0x0800)) ||
((4 == $mBytes) && ($mUcs4 < 0x10000)) ||
(4 < $mBytes) ||
// From Unicode 3.2, surrogate characters are illegal
(($mUcs4 & 0xFFFFF800) == 0xD800) ||
// Codepoints outside the Unicode range are illegal
($mUcs4 > 0x10FFFF)) {
trigger_error(
'utf8_to_unicode: Illegal sequence or codepoint '.
'in UTF-8 at byte '.$i,
E_USER_WARNING
);
return FALSE;
}
if (0xFEFF != $mUcs4) {
// BOM is legal but we don't want to output it
$out[] = $mUcs4;
}
//initialize UTF8 cache
$mState = 0;
$mUcs4 = 0;
$mBytes = 1;
}
} else {
/**
*((0xC0 & (*in) != 0x80) && (mState != 0))
* Incomplete multi-octet sequence.
*/
trigger_error(
'utf8_to_unicode: Incomplete multi-octet '.
' sequence in UTF-8 at byte '.$i,
E_USER_WARNING
);
return FALSE;
}
}
}
return $out;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Takes an array of ints representing the Unicode characters and returns
* a UTF-8 string. Astral planes are supported ie. the ints in the
* input can be > 0xFFFF. Occurrances of the BOM are ignored. Surrogates
* are not allowed.
* Returns false if the input array contains ints that represent
* surrogates or are outside the Unicode range
* and raises a PHP error at level E_USER_WARNING
* Note: this function has been modified slightly in this library to use
* output buffering to concatenate the UTF-8 string (faster) as well as
* reference the array by it's keys
* @param array of unicode code points representing a string
* @return mixed UTF-8 string or FALSE if array contains invalid code points
* @author <hsivonen@iki.fi>
* @see utf8_to_unicode
* @see http://hsivonen.iki.fi/php-utf8/
* @package utf8
* @subpackage unicode
*/
function utf8_from_unicode($arr) {
ob_start();
foreach (array_keys($arr) as $k) {
# ASCII range (including control chars)
if ( ($arr[$k] >= 0) && ($arr[$k] <= 0x007f) ) {
echo chr($arr[$k]);
# 2 byte sequence
} else if ($arr[$k] <= 0x07ff) {
echo chr(0xc0 | ($arr[$k] >> 6));
echo chr(0x80 | ($arr[$k] & 0x003f));
# Byte order mark (skip)
} else if($arr[$k] == 0xFEFF) {
// nop -- zap the BOM
# Test for illegal surrogates
} else if ($arr[$k] >= 0xD800 && $arr[$k] <= 0xDFFF) {
// found a surrogate
trigger_error(
'utf8_from_unicode: Illegal surrogate '.
'at index: '.$k.', value: '.$arr[$k],
E_USER_WARNING
);
return FALSE;
# 3 byte sequence
} else if ($arr[$k] <= 0xffff) {
echo chr(0xe0 | ($arr[$k] >> 12));
echo chr(0x80 | (($arr[$k] >> 6) & 0x003f));
echo chr(0x80 | ($arr[$k] & 0x003f));
# 4 byte sequence
} else if ($arr[$k] <= 0x10ffff) {
echo chr(0xf0 | ($arr[$k] >> 18));
echo chr(0x80 | (($arr[$k] >> 12) & 0x3f));
echo chr(0x80 | (($arr[$k] >> 6) & 0x3f));
echo chr(0x80 | ($arr[$k] & 0x3f));
} else {
trigger_error(
'utf8_from_unicode: Codepoint out of Unicode range '.
'at index: '.$k.', value: '.$arr[$k],
E_USER_WARNING
);
// out of range
return FALSE;
}
}
$result = ob_get_contents();
ob_end_clean();
return $result;
}

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<?php
/**
* @version $Id$
* Tools for validing a UTF-8 string is well formed.
* The Original Code is Mozilla Communicator client code.
* The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
* Netscape Communications Corporation.
* Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1998
* the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
* Ported to PHP by Henri Sivonen (http://hsivonen.iki.fi)
* Slight modifications to fit with phputf8 library by Harry Fuecks (hfuecks gmail com)
* @see http://lxr.mozilla.org/seamonkey/source/intl/uconv/src/nsUTF8ToUnicode.cpp
* @see http://lxr.mozilla.org/seamonkey/source/intl/uconv/src/nsUnicodeToUTF8.cpp
* @see http://hsivonen.iki.fi/php-utf8/
* @package utf8
* @subpackage validation
*/
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Tests a string as to whether it's valid UTF-8 and supported by the
* Unicode standard
* Note: this function has been modified to simple return true or false
* @author <hsivonen@iki.fi>
* @param string UTF-8 encoded string
* @return boolean true if valid
* @see http://hsivonen.iki.fi/php-utf8/
* @see utf8_compliant
* @package utf8
* @subpackage validation
*/
function utf8_is_valid($str) {
$mState = 0; // cached expected number of octets after the current octet
// until the beginning of the next UTF8 character sequence
$mUcs4 = 0; // cached Unicode character
$mBytes = 1; // cached expected number of octets in the current sequence
$len = strlen($str);
for($i = 0; $i < $len; $i++) {
$in = ord($str{$i});
if ( $mState == 0) {
// When mState is zero we expect either a US-ASCII character or a
// multi-octet sequence.
if (0 == (0x80 & ($in))) {
// US-ASCII, pass straight through.
$mBytes = 1;
} else if (0xC0 == (0xE0 & ($in))) {
// First octet of 2 octet sequence
$mUcs4 = ($in);
$mUcs4 = ($mUcs4 & 0x1F) << 6;
$mState = 1;
$mBytes = 2;
} else if (0xE0 == (0xF0 & ($in))) {
// First octet of 3 octet sequence
$mUcs4 = ($in);
$mUcs4 = ($mUcs4 & 0x0F) << 12;
$mState = 2;
$mBytes = 3;
} else if (0xF0 == (0xF8 & ($in))) {
// First octet of 4 octet sequence
$mUcs4 = ($in);
$mUcs4 = ($mUcs4 & 0x07) << 18;
$mState = 3;
$mBytes = 4;
} else if (0xF8 == (0xFC & ($in))) {
/* First octet of 5 octet sequence.
*
* This is illegal because the encoded codepoint must be either
* (a) not the shortest form or
* (b) outside the Unicode range of 0-0x10FFFF.
* Rather than trying to resynchronize, we will carry on until the end
* of the sequence and let the later error handling code catch it.
*/
$mUcs4 = ($in);
$mUcs4 = ($mUcs4 & 0x03) << 24;
$mState = 4;
$mBytes = 5;
} else if (0xFC == (0xFE & ($in))) {
// First octet of 6 octet sequence, see comments for 5 octet sequence.
$mUcs4 = ($in);
$mUcs4 = ($mUcs4 & 1) << 30;
$mState = 5;
$mBytes = 6;
} else {
/* Current octet is neither in the US-ASCII range nor a legal first
* octet of a multi-octet sequence.
*/
return FALSE;
}
} else {
// When mState is non-zero, we expect a continuation of the multi-octet
// sequence
if (0x80 == (0xC0 & ($in))) {
// Legal continuation.
$shift = ($mState - 1) * 6;
$tmp = $in;
$tmp = ($tmp & 0x0000003F) << $shift;
$mUcs4 |= $tmp;
/**
* End of the multi-octet sequence. mUcs4 now contains the final
* Unicode codepoint to be output
*/
if (0 == --$mState) {
/*
* Check for illegal sequences and codepoints.
*/
// From Unicode 3.1, non-shortest form is illegal
if (((2 == $mBytes) && ($mUcs4 < 0x0080)) ||
((3 == $mBytes) && ($mUcs4 < 0x0800)) ||
((4 == $mBytes) && ($mUcs4 < 0x10000)) ||
(4 < $mBytes) ||
// From Unicode 3.2, surrogate characters are illegal
(($mUcs4 & 0xFFFFF800) == 0xD800) ||
// Codepoints outside the Unicode range are illegal
($mUcs4 > 0x10FFFF)) {
return FALSE;
}
//initialize UTF8 cache
$mState = 0;
$mUcs4 = 0;
$mBytes = 1;
}
} else {
/**
*((0xC0 & (*in) != 0x80) && (mState != 0))
* Incomplete multi-octet sequence.
*/
return FALSE;
}
}
}
return TRUE;
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Tests whether a string complies as UTF-8. This will be much
* faster than utf8_is_valid but will pass five and six octet
* UTF-8 sequences, which are not supported by Unicode and
* so cannot be displayed correctly in a browser. In other words
* it is not as strict as utf8_is_valid but it's faster. If you use
* is to validate user input, you place yourself at the risk that
* attackers will be able to inject 5 and 6 byte sequences (which
* may or may not be a significant risk, depending on what you are
* are doing)
* @see utf8_is_valid
* @see http://www.php.net/manual/en/reference.pcre.pattern.modifiers.php#54805
* @param string UTF-8 string to check
* @return boolean TRUE if string is valid UTF-8
* @package utf8
* @subpackage validation
*/
function utf8_compliant($str) {
if ( strlen($str) == 0 ) {
return TRUE;
}
// If even just the first character can be matched, when the /u
// modifier is used, then it's valid UTF-8. If the UTF-8 is somehow
// invalid, nothing at all will match, even if the string contains
// some valid sequences
return (preg_match('/^.{1}/us',$str,$ar) == 1);
}